Akkuzu, ErolGüner, Sinan2016-03-092016-03-092008AKKUZU,E, GÜNER, S. , Defoliation levels of oriental spruce by Ips typhographus (L.) in relation to evelation and exposure, "Journal of Environmental Biology ", 29(2), 223-226, ss., (2008)https://hdl.handle.net/11494/1105Astudy concerning the effects of elevation and exposure of the spruce forests on defoliation levels of oriental spruce (Picea orientalis (L.) Link.) by Ips typographus L. wascarried outduring 2005 and 2006 in Artvin-Hatila National Park, Turkey. Nine spruce standswere selected at 3 zonesofelevations (1000-1350 m, 1350-1700 m and 1700-2000 m) and at different aspects to assess the role of elevation and exposure in the crown defoliation level and body length of beetles. Influence of bark thickness and trunk diameter at 1.3 m on the damage caused by the pestwas investigated aswell. The results of the study were as follows: (1) The mean defoliation level was highest at 1700-2000 m following by 1350-1700 m and 1000-1350 m. (2) The highest defoliation levels occurredonsouthernslopes following byeasternand northernslopesat 1700-2000 m. (3) Nostatistical differenceswere found in the mean barkthicknessbetween tree defoliation levels 1, 2, 3 and 4.(4) Mean trunk diameters of deadtrees(level 4) were significantly greater than thosewith defoliation levels 0, 1 and 2. (5) Mean body length of I. typographus at upper zones was significantly higher than those at middle and lower zones.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessIps Typographus (L.)Picea orientalis (L.)DefoliationElevationExposureArticle292223226Q3N/A