Tracking surface and subsurface deformation associatedwith groundwater dynamics following the 2019 Mirpurearthquake
Citation
Khan, M. Y., Saralioglu, E., Turab, S. A., & Muhammad, S. (2023). Tracking surface and subsurface deformation associated with groundwater dynamics following the 2019 Mirpur earthquake. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 14(1).Abstract
The Mirpur Mw 5.8 earthquake on September 24, 2019, producedextensive liquefaction-induced surface deformation (LISD) in the sur-rounding villages. Due to the complexity of seismic hazards and theoccurrence of their effects on a large spatial scale, the resulting sur-face, and subsurface deformation are often poorly resolved. To coverspatially extended LISD, the PSInSAR technique provided subsidenceand uplift rate values ranging from 110 toþ145 mm/yr consistentwith the spatial distribution of the mapped liquefaction features. Themost prominent surface change occurred in Abdupur and Sang vil-lages. GPR measurements were conducted to map the near-surfacecracks produced by transported liquified sand into the shallow sub-surface layers and other liquefaction features (elevated groundwatertable, conductive clay pockets, fractures, sand dikes, and water-enriched zones). Thus, the GPR survey assisted in the reconstructionof these structural and hydrogeological features on the near surface.In addition, the highly vulnerable zones were identified and mappedusingspace-andground-basedremotesensingmeasurementssup-ported by the field observations. The results highlight the effective-ness of the proposed novel approach for detailed assessment of thecoseismic liquefaction-induced deformation on- and near-ground sur-faces by identifying areas prone to failure during earthquakes andthereby can help with hazard mitigation.