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    The effect of circadian rhythmicity on lower extremity strength and balance in female athletes
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2025) Aktaş, Burcu; Korkmaz Salkılıç, Esra; Anıl, Berna; Akdemir, Enes; Akgün, Soner; Yılmaz, Ali Kerim
    The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of circadian rhythmicity (CR) on lower extremity strength and balance performance in 22 female athletes (19-24 y). Participants underwent isokinetic knee strength, Single Leg Hop Tests (SLHT), Y Balance Test (YBT), and isokinetic static/dynamic balance tests. All measurements were randomized and performed at 9:00, 14:00, and 19:00 to assess CR variation. In total, 3 angular strength, 5 jump, and 2 balance tests were analyzed. When comparing results across time zones, body temperature, isokinetic 60 degrees/sec extension (Ext) strength, and several bipedal static balance parameters Forward-Backward Standard Deviation (SBFD), Average Forward-Backward Speed (AFBS), and Ellipse Area (EA)) showed statistical significance (p>0.05). No significant differences were found in other isokinetic strength tests, all SLHTs, Y balance, or dynamic balance tests (p>0.05). Significant CR effects on lower extremity strength were observed only in the 60 sec extension, with overall strength peaking at 14:00. Strength asymmetry remained similar across time points. These findings suggest that time-sensitive performance parameters like strength and static balance are influenced by CR, while balance and coordination parameters appear more stable. Accordingly, scheduling strength-based training during midday hours may optimize performance by leveraging CR-related variations.
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    The relationship between agility and lower extremity strength in female basketball players
    (BioMed Central Ltd, 2025) Yılmaz, Ali Kerim; Akgün, Soner; Korkmaz Salkılıç, Esra; Anıl, Berna; Akdemir, Enes; Aktaş, Burcu; Karaduman, Emre; Kabadayı, Menderes
    Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between agility and lower extremity strength in female basketball players. Methods: Fifteen females aged 18–24 years (age 20.80 years, height 1.70 cm, weight 67.60 kg and body mass index (BMI) 23.20 kg/m²) participated in the study voluntarily. In the study, 5-0-5 Agility (505), Pro-Agility (PA), T Agility (T-test), T Drill Hop (T) tests were used to determine the agility skills of the participants. To determine the lower extremity strength performance of the participants, concentric/concentric (Con/Con) isokinetic knee extension (Ex) and flexion (Flx) tests at angular velocities of 60, 180, 240 and 300°/sec, 5 different single leg hop tests (SLHT) [single leg hop for distance (SL), triple leg hop for distance (THD), crossover hop for distance (CHD), medial side triple hop for distance (MSTH), 90° medial rotation hop for distance (MRH)] and 3 different one-repetition maximum (1 RM) [leg press (LP), leg extension (LEX) and leg curl (LC)] tests were performed. Results: The results of the study showed a moderate, high and excellent negative correlation between SLHTs and agility (p < 0.05). Comparisons of agility and strength parameters on the right (RS) and left (LS) sides showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). In addition, ipsilateral hamstring/quadriceps (H/Q) and bilateral (H/H-Q/Q) strength ratios and limb symmetry indexes (LSI) obtained from the strength results of the subjects were within the normal range. Conclusions: As a result, we found a negative relationship between agility and lower extremity functional performance tests in female basketball players. In addition, it can be said that participants not likely to be injured under normal conditions (non-contact) because of the asymmetric strength ratios are within the safe range.
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    The relationship between functional hopping performance and foot posture index in elite female handball players
    (Ataturk Universitesi, 2025) Akgün, Soner; Yılmaz, Ali Kerim; Ölmez, Cengiz; Ermiş, Aydan; Ermiş, Egemen; Akdemir, Enes; Anıl, Berna; Korkmaz Salkılıç, Esra; Kumru, Dilara
    The study aimed to determine the relationship between anatomical foot posture and functional jump performance in elite female handball players. The study was performed according to a randomized repeated measures crossover design. Twenty-nine volunteer elite female handball players (age 19.62 ± 1.18 years, height 174.31 ± 5.93 cm, weight 64.62 ± 5.08 kg, and BMI 21.29 ± 1.70 kg/m²) participated in the study. Single leg hop for distance (SH), triple leg hop for distance (TH), crossover leg hop for distance (CH), medial side triple hop (MSTH), 90° medial rotation hop (MRH), single leg vertical jump (SLVJ), and counter movement jump (CMJ) tests were performed to determine the functional jump performance of the subjects. In addition, the foot posture of the subjects was evaluated with the Foot Posture Index (FPI-6). The normality of the data was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and it was found that they followed a normal distribution. Paired Samples T-Test and One-Way ANOVA test were used in the comparison analyses. The relationship between variables was evaluated using the Pearson Correlation test. Significant differences existed between the dominant (DS) and non-dominant (NDS) sides in SH, TH, MSTH, and MRH tests. No significant difference was found between jump test limb symmetry indexes (LSI). There was no significant difference between DS and NDS sides in FPI total scores, but significant relationships existed between some FPI-6 criteria and jump tests. Although the results showed that the subjects had differences in functional performance on the DS and NDS, the LSI values were within the safe range. In addition, it can be said that foot posture affects functional jump performance in elite-level female handball players.