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    Nanoporous zeolite and its effect on the immobilization of trace elements in soils from scrap landfills under aided phytostabilization
    (Wiley Online Library, 2022) Radziemska, Maja; Blazejczyk, Aurelia; Gusiatin, Mariusz Z.; Cydzik-Kwiatkowska, Agnieszka; Majewski, Grzegorz; Bilgin, Ayla
    The rising prerequisite for developing novel green remediation methods for trace-ele-ment-contaminated lands is allied to the necessity to really mend the soil environs.The effectiveness of zeolite-aided phytostabilization (AP) of soil contaminated withtrace elements (TEs), from a scrap yard, usingLolium perenneas the plant for testing,was determined and discussed. The variability and activity of the rhizospheric bacte-rial community were also examined. The initial soil used in the AP experiment wascharacterized by especially high total contents of Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd. The TE totalcontents in roots and aboveground parts ofL. perenneas well as in the phytostabil-ized soil materials were analyzed with flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Thestudy revealed that the addition of natural zeolite into TE-contaminated soilincreased the relative plant biomass as well as the soil pH value as compared to thephytostabilized non-amended series, whereas the total contents (with respect to anabsolute value) of Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd were generally higher in roots than in theaboveground parts ofL. perenne. In particular, the incorporation of zeolite to the soilcontributed most significantly to the considerable relative decrease in the total con-tents of Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn in the soil, as well as the content of bioavailable and leach-able speciations of Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb extracted from the soil using CaCl2solution ascompared to the non-amended series. In the phytostabilized zeolite-amended soil,the overall bacterial diversity decreased but the presence of zeolite favoured thegrowth of microorganisms belonging toGammaproteobacteria,Planctomycetia, andThermomicrobia, in particular, the generaMycobacterium,Williamsia, andProchlorococcus