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    The effect of Echinacea on kidney and liver after experimental renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rats
    (Academic Journals, 2011) Bayramoğlu, Gökhan; Kabay, Şahin; Özden, Hilmi; Üstüner, Mehmet Cengiz; Uysal, Onur; Bayramoğlu, Ayşegül; Şentürk, Hakan; Güven, Gül; Özbayar, Cansu; Kutlu, Ali; Üstüner, Derya; Canbek, Mediha
    The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of Echinacea on kidney and liver against oxidative stress during renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, by determining biochemical parameters and evaluating histological examinations. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were evaluated in five groups (each group consists of 8 animals). Group 1 (Control; non-ischemic animals); Group 2 (renal I/R injury+Saline), Group 3 (renal I/R injury + Echinacea, 25 mg/kg), Group 4 (renal I/R injury + Echinacea, 50 mg/kg) Group 5 (renal I/R injury+ Echinacea, 100 mg/kg) were designed to evaluate effects of Echinacea in renal I/R injury on the morphological changes in kidney and liver. A right nephrectomy was performed for I/R injury. On the 15th day following nephrectomy, ischemia and reperfusion was performed. Echinacea was administered intraperitoneally. Left kidney and liver were taken after 24 h of reperfusion period for histopathological examinations. The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities were determined from tissue homogenates. In the study, Echinacea administration in renal ischemia-reperfusion decreased MDA in kidney and liver. SOD activity was decreased with low and high doses of Echinacea treatment in both kidney and liver. Echinacea administration decreased CAT levels in kidney and no difference was observed between Echinacea doses. CAT was increased in liver low dose group. But CAT was decreased in high doses of Echinacea. Histopathological examinations showed partial improvement in the damages seen in I/R injury after Echinacea administration at both kidney and liver. Echinacea may be effective in preventing oxidative injury.
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    The examination of protective effects of gallic acid against damage of oxidative stress during induced-experimental renal ischemia-reperfusion in experiment
    (Comenius University, 2014) Canbek, Mediha; Bayramoğlu, Gökhan; Şentürk, Hakan; Vatan, Öztopcu A. P.; Uyanoğlu, Mustafa; Ceyhan, Emel Mashaki; Özen, Ahmet; Durmuş, Başak; Kartkaya, Kazım; Kanbak, Güngör
    Aim: In this study, probable effects of gallic acid were investigated in experimentally induced renal I/R injury in rats. Material and methods: For this purpose, each group consisted of 7 Sprague dawley male albino rats. Groups were defined as follows; Group I: control group; Group II: I/R group; Group III, IV and V: I/R+Gallic acid (50, 100 and 200 mg.kg(-1) respectively-i.p.). Left kidney was removed by nephrectomy except for Group I. I/R was induced in the other kidney. Gallic acid was given 15 mins before ischemia induction. SOD, CAT and Gpx activities were determined by electrophoresis. MDA, MPO levels were determined spectrophotometrically. Histopathological investigations were also performed in kidney tissues. BUN and Creatinine levels in serum were determined. Results: BUN, Creatinine and MDA levels were statistically significant but MPO level was not statistically significantly increased in Group II. For SOD, CAT, Gpx activities in Group II, an increase was determined with respect to Group I. Histopathological investigations revealed widespread hyperemia in glomerulus, expansion of the structure between tubules and cell disruptions in Group II. In Group V (200 mg.kg-1 gallic acid), in terms of biochemical parameters, in spite of the significant decrease in BUN, Creatinine and MDA levels; a decrease was determined in SOD, CAT and Gpx isoenzyme activities. Group V showed histologically that I/R injury had been prevented to a greater extent and appearances were close to the control. Conclusion: As a result, in terms of our study, evaluations regarding kidney functions and histopathology have shown that gallic acid has protective effects in renal I/R injury (Tab. 2, Fig. 5, Ref. 36). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.
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    Gallic acid reduces experimental colitis in rats by downregulation of cathepsin and oxidative stress
    (Erciyes Univ Sch Medicine, 2020) Bayramoğlu, Gökhan; Şentürk, Hakan; Kanbak, Güngör; Canbek, Mediha; Bayramoğlu, Ayşegül; Dokumacıoğlu, Ali; Engür, Selin
    Objective: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with common, repetitive inflammation of the colon and rectum, which is highly defined by loss of blood on colon mucosa, ulceration and acute inflammation. The present study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of gallic acid (GA) through a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis rat model, using biochemical and histopathological parameters. Materials and Methods: The study consisted of four groups, each including seven rats, namely control group, colitis group, colitis-GA 50 mg/kg group and colitis-GA 100 mg/kg group. Colon tissue samples were analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), cathepsin B and cathepsin L values. Results: Tissue MDA, MPO, cathepsin L and cathepsin B values increased significantly in colitis group (p=0.028, p=0.038, p=0.024, p=0.019, respectively). However, MDA, MPO, cathepsin L and cathepsin B values showed a significant decrease in animals with GA (at a dose of 100 mg/kg) administration in TNBS-induced colitis in rats (p=0.021, p=0.026, p=0.019, p=0.031, respectively). Colitis group was defined by the severe detriment of surface epithelium, submucosal edema and inflammatory cell infiltration. Treatment with GA significantly decreased inflammatory cell infiltration. Conclusion: GA can be used as an effective agent in the treatment of colitis due to its inhibitory properties in multiple pathways and its potent antioxidant effects
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    Investigation of the possible protective role of gallic acid on paraoxanase and arylesterase activities in livers of rats with acute alcohol intoxication
    (Wiley, 2013) Kartalkaya, Kazım; Oğlakçı, Ayşegül; Şentürk, Hakan; Bayramoğlu, Gökhan; Canbek, Mediha; Kanbak, Güngör
    Gallic acid, a polyphenyl class natural product from gallnut and green tea, is known to be antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and radical scavenger. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of gallic acid on paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in liver exposed to acute alcohol intoxication. Paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in liver tissue and serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase levels were measured. Histological investigations were also made. In our study, we observed a significant increase of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities, which are indicators of liver damage after acute ethanol consumption. Gallic acid therapy has significantly reduced the increase in these biomarkers, indicating a possible hepatoprotective effect of gallic acid. Ethanol consumption caused a significant decrease in liver paraoxonase activity (P<0.001). Gallic acid treatment partly restored this decreased paraoxonase activity, which resulted from ethanol administration. A gallic acid dose of 100mg/kg was observed as highest restoring effect for paraoxonase activity (P<0.05). The activity of arylesterase was decreased in the ethanol group as compared with the control group, but this was not significant. However, 50mg/kg of gallic acid treatment restored the loss of this activity due to ethanol exposure (P<0.001). We observed that gallic acid ameliorates the liver damage caused by excessive alcohol consumption in a dose-dependent way. Our results in this study showed that gallic acid might have a protective effect against alcoholic liver disease.
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    Preventing organ injury with carvacrol after renal ischemia/reperfusion
    (2011) Uyanoğlu, Mustafa; Canbek, Mediha; Ceyhan, Emre; Şentürk, Hakan; Bayramoğlu, Gökhan; Gündüz, Özlem; Özen, Ahmet; Turgak, Özge
    In this study, antioxidant enzyme activities and the histopathologic structure of rats were examined in order to determine the injury that occurs in the liver after renal I/R. There were 5 groups: Group I (Control), Group II (Right nephrectomy + untreated control), Group III (Right nephrectomy + I/R and olive oil treated), Group IV (Right nephrectomy + I/R and 25 mg.kg -1 carvacrol + olive oil treated group), Group V (Right nephrectomy + I/R and 50 mg.kg -1 carvacrol + olive oil treated group). 45 min of Ischemia and 24 h of Reperfusion were applied to all groups of rats except Group I. Liver CAT, SOD, Gpx enzyme activity and AST, ALT levels were evaluated at the end of the experiment and values close to the control group were obtained for rats to which 50 mg.kg -1 of carvacrol was administered. Significant injuries such as cellular degenerative changes, sinusoidal congestion and cytoplasmic vacuolation were determined for Group II in light microscopic examinations of liver sections. 25 mg.kg -1 of carvacrol dose was found to be protective in Group IV.
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    Preventive role of gallic acid on alcohol dependent and cysteine protease-mediated pancreas injury
    (Springer, 2012) Kanbak, Güngör; Canbek, Mediha; Oğlakçı, Ayşegül; Kartkaya, Kazım; Şentürk, Hakan; Bayramoğlu, Gökhan; Bal, Cengiz; Göl, Burak; Özmen, Ayşe
    In order to investigate an association between alcohol consumption and lysosomal cysteine protease induced pancreatic injury and preventive effect of gallic acid as dose-dependent, we determined myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde levels, serum amylase activities and cathepsin B and L activities in the cytosolic and lysosomal fractions of pancreatic tissue in the ethanol (8 g/kg) and ethanol plus gallic acid (at different doses 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) given rats. Absolute ethanol (8 g/kg) was given by oral gavage. Gallic acid was dissolved in the saline (2 ml/kg) and administered before 30 min the oral administration of ethanol. Pancreatic myeloperoxidase and also malondialdehyde levels and serum amylase activities were measured. Besides, histological investigations were made. Cathepsin B activities in the cytosolic fraction were decreased by gallic acid (200 mg/kg) and increased in ethanol given rats. Cytosolic/lysosomal ratio of cathepsin B and L were found to be low in the all doses of gallic acid as compared to ethanol group. Serum amylase, pancreatic myeloperoxidase activities and malondialdehyde levels in the ethanol group were higher than in the control group. These were not statistically significant for myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde. Also, our histopathologic results indicated that ethanol administration increased pancreatic tissue injury. Gallic acid especially at 200 mg/kg improved ethanol-mediated pancreatic tissue damage.In conclusion, gallic acid treatments were decreased release of lysosomal cathepsin B and L enzymes into cytoplasmic fraction and prevented alcohol mediated pancreatic tissue injury. Preventive effect of gallic acid might be dose-dependent.