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Öğe Antioxidant and preservative effects of epilobium angustifolium extract in beef burgers products: Physicochemical properties, color stability, lipid oxidation, and molecular docking analyses(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Dilek, Nazik Meziyet; Gümrükçüoğlu, Abidin; Demirel, Gamze; Durmaz, Alper; İncilay Torunoğlu, Emine; Aytar, Erdi Can; Ünal, KübraConsumers are increasingly seeking natural alternatives to synthetic preservatives in meat products. This study evaluated the effects of willow E. angustifolium extract on beef burgers' physicochemical properties, color stability, and lipid oxidation during refrigerated storage. The extract demonstrated significant antioxidant activity, with a total phenolic content of 1263.48 mg GAE/L and a total flavonoid content of 278.43 mg CE/L. The pH values of the beef burgers decreased over time, with significant effects on Days 4 and 8 in the treated groups, except T1. The color properties, including lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*), were affected by the plant extract, with 1 g and 3 g concentrations leading to darker and redder hues. Moreover, adding 9 g extract led to discoloration due to increased b* values. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances analysis showed increased lipid oxidation, with the T3 group (9 g extract) exhibiting higher values, suggesting a prooxidant effect at higher concentrations. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis identified a range of phytochemicals, including α-pinene and β-thujone, which contributed to the complex, volatile profile of the extract. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed the presence of significant phenolic compounds, such as ascorbic acid and gallic acid, with high antioxidant potential. Molecular docking studies indicated that gallic acid exhibited a moderate binding affinity with the target protein 9R-lipoxygenase (5EK8), followed by β-thujone and α-pinene, suggesting their potential as bioactive compounds in food preservation. The results provide insights into the functional potential of E. angustifolium extract as a natural antioxidant and preservative in meat products.Öğe Antioxidant potential, selective cytotoxicity, and molecular docking insights of maresia nana methanol extract against A549 cancer cells(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Demirel, Gamze; incilay Torunoğlu, Emine; Aytar, Erdi Can; Sarı, Zeynep Betul; Sarı, Muhammet Emin; Durmaz, AlperIn this study, the antioxidant activity, phenolic content, and cytotoxicity of the above-ground parts of Maresia nana were evaluated using various assays. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH radical scavenging test, yielding an IC₅₀ value of 90.55 ± 11.14 mg mL⁻¹. The total flavanol content of the extract was 0.41 ± 0.01 mg QE/g, the total flavonoid content was 29.26 ± 1.88 mg QE/g, and the total phenolic content was 29.76 ± 2.64 mg GAE/g, indicating significant antioxidant properties and richness in phytochemical compounds. Additionally, GC-MS analysis identified eight bioactive compounds in the methanol extract of M. nana. The extract demonstrated 58.50 ± 3.5% cytotoxicity in A549 cells at the highest dose, while it increased proliferation in HEK293 cells, indicating selective cytotoxicity toward cancer cells. Furthermore, the binding affinities and interactions of two small-molecule ligands, Acridin-1(2H)-one, 3,4-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-9-propylamino- and Androsta-3,5-diene-3,17-diol diacetate, with the Ras protein were investigated. Acridin-1(2H)-one showed a binding energy of −5.1 kcal mol⁻¹, while Androsta-3,5-diene-3,17-diol diacetate demonstrated a stronger binding affinity with a binding energy of −5.5 kcal mol⁻¹. In conclusion, the M. nana extract's antioxidant and phenolic profiles support its potential health benefits, and its selective cytotoxic effects on cancer cells suggest its promise for cancer therapy. Additionally, the binding characteristics of the ligands provide valuable insights for future drug development strategies.Öğe Flow cytometry and gene expression modulation by euphorbia rigida Methanol extract in A549 lung cancer cells: Induction of apoptosis through bax, caspase-9, and bcl-2 pathways(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Sarı, Zeynep Betül; Sarı, Muhammet Emin; Aytar, Erdi Can; Gümrükçüoğlu, Abidin; İncilay Torunoğlu, Emine; Özdemir Sancı, Tuba; Demirel, Gamze; Durmaz, AlperNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a major cause of cancer-related mortality. This study investigates the cytotoxic effects of Euphorbia rigida extract on A549 NSCLC cells and its potential as a therapeutic agent. Cellular morphology was observed microscopically, and cell viability was evaluated using dose-dependent proliferation assays. Apoptosis-related gene expression—including Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-9—was analyzed via quantitative PCR (qPCR). Chromatographic methods identified bioactive flavonoids, and molecular docking assessed their binding to cancer-related proteins. Additionally, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profiles were evaluated. The extract induced apoptotic morphological changes such as cell shrinkage and loss of intercellular contact. A dose-dependent reduction in A549 viability was observed, with an IC50 of 0.5 mg mL−1. Gene expression indicated activation of the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, with increased Bax and Caspase-9 and decreased Bcl-2 expression. Flow cytometry using Annexin V-allophycocyanin (V-APC) staining revealed selective cytotoxicity: significant apoptosis in A549 cells while preserving viability in BEAS-2B normal lung epithelial cells. Identified flavonoids included quercetin, apigenin, and myricetin, which showed strong binding affinities in docking studies. ADMET profiling supported their drug-likeness. These findings highlight E. rigida potential in NSCLC treatment via apoptosis induction and selective cytotoxicity.Öğe Regulatory effects of betonica macrantha extract, known as mountain tea, on miRNA expression and Its pharmacokinetic properties(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Sarı, Muhammed Emin; İncilay Torunoğlu, Emine; Sarı, Zeynep Betül; Aytar, Erdi Can; Gümrükçüoğlu, Abidin; Durmaz, Alper; Demirel, GamzeThe aim of this study is to investigate the anticancer potential of Betonica macrantha extract on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, its regulatory effects on miRNA expression, the content analysis of its phytochemical components, and the roles of these compounds in the regulation of miRNA expression through pathways, as well as to examine its pharmacokinetic profiles. The B. macrantha plant was extracted with methanol. The obtained extracts were analyzed for phytochemical components using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD) techniques. Biological activity was assessed using the MTT assay on the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line, while miRNA expression was measured by RT-PCR. Pharmacokinetic properties were calculated using ADMETSAR3 software, and molecular interactions were investigated through AutoDock Vina simulations. GC–MS analysis of B. macrantha extract identified 42 volatile compounds, with 1S-α-pinene, humulene, and caryophyllene being the most abundant. HPLC-DAD analysis detected 18 bioactive compounds, including catechin, oleuropein, and rutin. The extract inhibited the viability of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 0.8 mg/mL. Furthermore, upregulation of miR-19, miR-20a, miR-126, and miR-200c miRNAs was observed in MDA-MB-231 cells, while these miRNAs were downregulated in healthy cells. ADMET analysis revealed that α-pinene, caryophyllene, and catechin exhibited high bioavailability, absorption, and distribution properties, while oleuropein and rutin showed limited absorption and bioavailability. Molecular docking studies demonstrated the potential binding interactions of these compounds with key target proteins involved in cancer progression. Consequently, B. macrantha presents significant potential as a valuable natural source for cancer therapy through its anticancer activity, modulation of miRNA expression, and interaction with cancer-associated proteins.
