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    Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase isozymes I, II and VI with a series of bisphenol, methoxy and bromophenol compounds
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2012) Balaydın, Halis Türker; Durağı, Serdar; Ekinci, Deniz; Şentürk, Murat; Göksoy, Süleyman; Menzek, Abdullah
    Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAI) are valuable molecules as they have several therapeutic applications, including anti-glaucoma activity. In this study, inhibition of three human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) isozymes I, II and VI with a series of bisphenol and bromophenol derivatives was investigated. Molecular docking studies of a set of such inhibitors within CA I and II were also performed. K-I values of the molecules 2-9 were in the range of 10.025-892.109 mu M for hCA I, 1.437-59.107 mu M for hCA II and 11.143-919.182 mu M for hCA VI, respectively. Reported inhibitory activities of molecules 2-9 will assist in better understanding of structure-activity relationship studies of CAI.
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    Kinetic and docking studies of phenol-based inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, IX and XII evidence a new binding mode within the enzyme active site
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2011) Durdağı, Serdar; Şentürk, Murat; Ekinci, Deniz; Balaydın, Halis Türker; Göksu, Süleyman; Küfreviolu, Ö. İrfan; Innocenti, Alessio; Scozzafava, Andrea; Supuran, Claudiu T.
    Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are inhibited by sulfonamides, inorganic anions, phenols, coumarins (acting as prodrugs) and polyamines. A novel class of CA inhibitors (CAIs), interacting with the CA isozymes I, II (cytosolic) and IX, XII (transmembrane, tumor-associated) in a different manner, is reported here. Kinetic measurements allowed us to identify hydroxy-/methoxy-substituted benzoic acids as well as di-/tri-methoxy benzenes as submicromolar-low micromolar inhibitors of the four CA isozymes. Molecular docking studies of a set of such inhibitors within CA I and II allowed us to understand the inhibition mechanism. This new class of inhibitors binds differently compared to all other classes of inhibitors known to date: they were found between the phenol-binding site and the coumarin-binding site, filling thus the middle of the enzyme cavity. They exploit different interactions with amino acid residues and water molecules from the CA active site compared to other classes of inhibitors, offering the possibility to design CAIs with an interesting inhibition profile compared to the clinically used sulfonamides/sulfamates.
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    Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel bromophenol derivatives as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
    (Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2013) Akbaba, Yusuf; Balaydın, Halis Türker; Menzek, Abdullah; Göksu, Süleyman; Şahin, Ertan; Ekinci, Deniz
    Here, we provide an alternative synthesis of the natural bromophenol 3,4-dibromo-5-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl)-6-(ethoxymethyl) benzene-1,2-diol (3) and the first synthesis of (4,5-dihydroxy-2methylphenyl)( 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) methanone (18) and its brominated derivatives 19-21. The compounds were characterized and tested against the two most studied members of the pH regulatory enzyme family, carbonic anhydrase (CA). The inhibitory potencies of the novel compounds and two natural bromophenols 2, 3 were analyzed at the human isoforms hCA I and hCA II as targets and the K-I values were calculated. The K-I values of the novel compounds were measured in the range of 13.7-32.7 mu M for the hCA I isozyme and 0.65-1.26 mu M for the hCA II isozyme. The structurally related compound 14 was also tested in order to understand the structure-activity relationship, and the clinically used sulfonamide acetazolamide (AZA) was tested for comparison reasons. All of the compounds exhibited competitive inhibition with 4-nitrophenylacetate as substrate. The compounds showed strong inhibitory activity against hCA I, being more effective as compared to the clinically used AZA (K-I: 36.2 mu M), but rather less activity against hCA II.
  • Küçük Resim
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    Synthesis and carbonic anhydrase inhibitory properties of novel bromophenols including natural products
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2012) Balaydın, Halis Türker; Soyut, Hakan; Ekinci, Deniz; Göksu, Süleyman; Beydemir, Şükrü; Menzek, Abdullah; Şahin, Ertan
    (2-Bromo-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) methanone (10) and its derivatives with Br, one dibromide and isomeric three tribromides, were synthesized. Demethylation of these compounds afforded a series of new bromophenols. Inhibition of human cytosolic carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II) isozyme by these new bromophenols and naturally occurring 3,4,6-tribromo-5-(2,5-dibromo-3,4-dihydroxybenzyl) benzene-1,2-diol (3), and 5,5'-methylenebis(3,4,6-tribromo-benzene-1,2-diol) (4) was investigated. The synthesized compounds showed carbonic anhydrase inhibitory capacities with IC50 values in the range of 0.7-372 mu M against hCA II. Some bromophenols investigated here showed effective hCA II inhibitory activity and might be used as leads for generating novel carbonic anhydrase inhibitors which are valuable drug candidates for the treatment of glaucoma, epilepsy, gastric and duodenal ulcers, neurological disorders, or osteoporosis.