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Öğe Bacterial cellulose as reinforcement in paper made from recycled office waste pulp(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2020) Ersoy Kalyoncu, Evren; Peşman, EmrahBacterial cellulose, produced during fermentation of Kombucha tea, was investigated relative to its ability to modify the characteristics of pulp from recycled office wastepaper. The produced bacterial cellulose wet films were dispersed and added rates of 5%, 10%, and 15% to the recycled office wastepaper. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses, scanning electron microscopy images and thermogravimetric analysis values were determined in order to characterize the pulp samples. The results of these analyses showed similar changes as the amount of added bacterial cellulose increased, which also meant an increased amount of filler attaching to the fiber matrix. The burst index and tensile index values were protected while the tear index value partially decreased as the amount of added bacterial cellulose increased. The brightness values of the bacterial cellulose reinforced papers did not change after thermal aging, while the changes in the yellowness values were quite limited. Higher water absorption rates, and lower air permeability values were obtained from bacterial cellulose reinforced recycled office wastepaper sheets, which corresponded to the addition of increased bacterial cellulose amounts. Considering the mechanical and physical properties of the reinforced paper, bacterial cellulose represents a promising alternative for the reinforcement of office wastepaper.Öğe The effects of sodium percarbonate and perborate usage on pulping and flotation deinking instead of hydrogen peroxide(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2014) Peşman, Emrah; İmamoğlu, Sami; Ersoy Kalyoncu, Evren; Kırcı, HüseyinThe main objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of sodium percarbonate and sodium perborate utilization during repulping of old news and magazine paper mixture. A series of experiments were performed to determine the effects of bleaching agents on ISO brightness and ink removal efficiency of pulp after flotation deinking. Conventionally, with other parameters are constant, the ISO brightness of pulp was increased from 45.24% to 54.10% and ink elimination ratio at 950 nm of pulp was increased to 69.12% with 1% sodium hydroxide and 1% (as active oxygen content) hydrogen peroxide usage. However, when sodium percarbonate was utilized instead of hydrogen peroxide (as 1% active oxygen content) without alkaline addition, the ISO brightness of the pulp was increased to 55.00%. Also, unlike the other bleaching agents, a favorable effect of sodium percarbonate on ink detachment was observed. The ink elimination ratio of floated pulp was increased to 74.31% with 1% (active oxygen) sodium percarbonate addition without alkaline usage. There were no additive effects of sodium perborate usage on brightness, and ERIC value of pulp could be determined. In this respect, sodium percarbonate utilization without sodium hydroxide addition was proposed for effective repulping, deinking, and prebleaching of waste papers, in a similar manner to the use of hydrogen peroxide.Öğe Kısa dalga boylarında uygulanan (254-366nm) UV ışınımının geri dönüştürülen ve ağartılan atık gazete ve magazin kâğıdı hamurlarının renk değerleri üzerine etkisi(Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi, 2011) Peşman, Emrah; Kırcı, Hüseyin; Ersoy Kalyoncu, EvrenGazete kağıdı gibi mekanik hamur bazlı kağıtlar selülozun yanı sıra önemli miktarda lignin ve karbonhidrat ihtiva etmektedir. Bu sebeple ışık etkisiyle kolayca sararmakta dolayısı ile başlangıç rengini koruyamamaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışmada hidrojen peroksit ve sodyum perkarbonat gibi peroksit türevleri ve sodyum ditiyonit, sodyum borhidrür ve formamidin sülfünik asit gibi indirgeyici özellikteki reaktifler ile ağartılan atık gazete-magazin kâğıdı hamurlarının, UV (254nm-366nm) ışınlarına maruz bırakılarak yaşlandırılması ve uygulanan işlem süresinin ISO parlaklığı, L*a*b* renk değerleri, beyazlık (WI) ve sarılık (YI) indeksi üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlardan tüm ağartıcıların renk kararlılığını korumakta yetersiz olduğu bununla birlikte sodyum borhidrür ile ağartılan hamurlar ile sodyum perkarbonat ve sodyum borhidrürün ard arda kullanıldığı kademelerin bir nebzede olsa daha dirençli sonuçlar verdiği tespit edilmiştirÖğe Sodium perborate usage instead of hydrogen peroxide for the reinforcement of oxygen delignification(Inst Chemical Fibres, 2010) Peşman, Emrah; Ersoy Kalyoncu, Evren; Kırcı, HüseyinOxygen has always been an attractive oxidant for the pulp and paper industry due to it being cheap and harmless for the environment. However, it has lower lignin-cellulose selectivity, therefore the degree of delignification achieved at the oxygen stage is ultimately limited by its industrial pulp strength – 45-50% . In this study, to enhance the degree of delignification, the addition ofsodium perborate and hydrogen peroxide at the oxygen stage was examined. At the same active oxygen (approximately 0.5%) content, the degree of delignification increased from 45.56% to 49.42% using hydrogen peroxide and to 52.96% with sodium perborate. For the same selectivity parameter with control, the delignification degree can be increased to 57.59% with the addition of sodium perborate, which includes 1% active oxygen. Moreover, the costs of using sodium perborate and hydrogen peroxide were compared with respect to commercial employability. It was determined that the use of sodium perborate was more effective than that of hydrogen peroxide for delignification of the oxygen stage.
