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Öğe Did we choose the best one? A new site selection approach based on exposure and uptake potential for waste incineration(Sage Publications, 2016) Demirarslan, Kazım Onur; Korucu, Mahmut Kemal; Karademir, AykanEcological problems arising after the construction and operation of a waste incineration plant generally originate from incorrect decisions made during the selection of the location of the plant. The main objective of this study is to investigate how the selection method for the location of a new municipal waste incineration plant can be improved by using a dispersion modelling approach supported by geographical information systems and multi-criteria decision analysis. Considering this aim, the appropriateness of the current location of an existent plant was assessed by applying a pollution dispersion model. Using this procedure, the site ranking for a total of 90 candidate locations and the site of the existing incinerator were determined by a new location selection practice and the current place of the plant was evaluated by ANOVA and Tukey tests. This ranking, made without the use of modelling approaches, was re-evaluated based on the modelling of various variables, including the concentration of pollutants, population and population density, demography, temporality of meteorological data, pollutant type, risk formation type by CALPUFF and re-ranking the results. The findings clearly indicate the impropriety of the location of the current plant, as the pollution distribution model showed that its location was the fourth-worst choice among 91 possibilities. It was concluded that the location selection procedures for waste incinerators should benefit from the improvements obtained by the articulation of pollution dispersion studies combined with the population density data to obtain the most suitable location.Öğe Evaluation of CO and NOx distributions from point (industry) sources in Körfez district of Kocaeli province with ISCST3 model(International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology-ICOEST, 2013) Demirarslan, Kazım Onur; Çetin Doğruparmak, Şenay; Karademir, AykanThis study was performed for the modelling of the distributions of CO and NOx emissions emitted to the atmosphere from point sources in Körfez District of Kocaeli Province. ISCST3 (Industrial Source Complex Short Term) dispersion model approved by the EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) was used for the study. The model uses steady state Gaussian plume flow equation for high point sources. Due to the nature of the steady-state condition, the model is able to predict distribution of emissions from point, area and volume sources within 50 km in a successful manner; therefore it is defined as a suitable model for estimating air quality. Accuracy of the estimates depends on the correct measurement of meteorological parameters in the study area, as well as the detailed and accurate emission inventory for all resources. Körfez district has a number of pollutant sources including many industrial plants, ports and docks, railway and busy traffic arteries together with a high density of urbanisation. It is one of the most polluted sites in Kocaeli region and determination and monitoring of air quality here has a great importance. For this purpose, CO emissions emitted from 20 factory chimneys and NOx emissions emitted from 15 factory chimneys were modelled and the daily and annual distribution maps were obtained. The modelling study showed that the maximum ground-level CO concentrations were calculated as 335.24 µg/m3 and 70.02 µg/m3 in daily and annual basis respectively. On the other hand, for NOx concentrations, daily and annual maximum values were calculated as 372.05 µg/m3 and 26.29 µg/m3 respectively.Öğe Evaluation of three pollutant dispersion models for the environmental assessment of a district in Kocaeli, Turkey(Global Network for Environmental Science and Technology, 2017) Demirarslan, Kazım Onur; Çetin Doğruparmak, Şenay; Karademir, AykanAir Quality Modeling is a method used to manage urban air quality. Various pollutant dispersion models are available, and each of these models is characterized by its own advantages and disadvantages. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the models and to determine their performance by applying them to a specific district. This study also enabled the determination of the contribution of pollution sources to the total pollution and the current air quality of the study area according to the selected pollutants. In this study, both steady-state models (the American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model-AERMOD and the Industrial Source Complex Short Term Model-ISCST-3) and the Lagrangian model (the California Puff Model-CALPUFF) were used as the dispersion models. The Korfez district of Kocaeli was selected as the study area. SO2 and PM10 emissions were observed as pollutants. The statistical methods of mean squared error (MSE) and fractional bias (FB) were employed to evaluate the performance of these models. The results of the study revealed that the highest concentration varied according to the models and time options. However, when the modeling results for all of the sources were examined, the highest concentration was calculated by ISCST-3. The effect of the line source was less than the other sources (point and area). The contributions of the pollution sources differed according to each modeling program. The results of the statistical methods, which were used for evaluating the performance of the models, varied according to both the pollutant type and the time option. An overall ranking regarding modeling performance is as follows: CALPUFF > AERMOD > ISCST-3 for PM10 and ISCST-3 > CALPUFF > AERMOD for SO2. The MSE/FB results demonstrated that the predicted values were lower than the measured outcomes. Similarly, a comparison of the predicted and measured values with national and international limits revealed that various measures are necessary to reduce SO2 and PM10.Öğe Katı atık depolama alanlarının nihai yer seçiminde coğrafi bilgi sistemleri ve kirlilik dağılım modellerinin birlikte kullanımı([y.y.], 2013) Demirarslan, Kazım Onur; Korucu, M. Kemal; Karademir, AykanDepolama alanlarının yer seçiminde olası aday alanlar arasından kullanım için en uygun olanının seçilmesi çok sayıda kriterin ard arda ya da bir arada değerlendirilmesini gerektiren karmaşık bir süreçtir. Bu kriterlerden yalnızca birisi olan tesis çevresindeki yerleşim bölgelerinde bir koku problemine neden olunup olunmayacağı ise henüz yer seçim aşamasındayken mutlaka dikkate alınmalıdır. Bu sayede, başta koku olmak üzere atmosfer taşınımı vasıtasıyla neden olunabilecek sağlık problemlerinin önlenebilmesi de mümkün olabilir. Bu çalışmada; Kocaeli ili Gebze bölgesinde ihtiyaç duyulan 2000 dönümlük bir depolama alanı için bir yer seçimi çalışması yürütülmüştür. Bu yer seçimi çalışmalarıyla en uygun alanların belirlenmesinin ardından bu uygun alanların etraflarındaki tüm yerleşim bölgelerinde neden olabilecekleri koku maruziyeti bir kirlilik dağılım modeli yardımıyla incelenmiştir. Yerleşim bölgeleri için elde edilen bu değerler kullanılarak her bir aday alanın yerleşim bölgeleri üzerinde oluşturacağı koku etkileri büyükten küçüğe sıralanmıştır. Elde edilen en küçük etki değerine sahip aday alan en uygun alan olarak ifade edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular; değerlendirmeye alınan 8 aday alanın koku oluşturma potansiyelleri açısından bir sıralaması yapıldığında en uygun yer seçimi kararının 3 numaralı alan ve en kötü yer seçimi kararının 8 numaralı alan olduğunu göstermiştir. Ancak; bu sıralama değerleri, diğer yer seçimi kriterleri için elde edilen sıralama değerleri ile bir arada değerlendirildiğinde bir anlam ifade edecektir
