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Öğe Discrimination of the three Aphrophora species: Linear morphometric and 2D-geometric morphometric approach(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Tanyeri, Rukiye; Kaya, Alaettin; Selçuk, Ahmet Yesari; Kefelioğlu, Haluk; Zeybekoğlu, ÜnalIn the present study, we compared three Aphrophora species using both linear and geometric morphometrics. According to the One-way ANOVA test, it was significantly indicated that the average rates of the linear measurements of the morphological characters in Aphrophora alni, Aphrophora geruzei, and Aphrophora salicina are different from each other. The jackknife rate in each species is more than 95%. Although the average measurements of the linear measurements show significant differences from each other, the minimum–maximum ranges of all characters were seen to overlap among the species. However, in geometric morphometric analyses, Procrustes ANOVA showed that whole body, head, pronotum, mesonotum size (as centroid size, CS) and shape differed significantly among the species. The species A. alni, A. salicina and A. geruzei differ from each other in canonical variates analysis and discriminant function analysis. Cross-validation rates among the three species were higher than 70%. The lowest cross-validation rate was indicated in the mesonotum. As a result of the the CS analysis, sexual differences for the complete body, significant differences were indicated for each of the species. However, in terms of shape, sexual dimorphism was only found in A. salicina for shape. In all three species, female individuals were larger in centroid size than male individuals. The geometric morphometric method is considered as an effective method for identifying new species in entomological studies. Aphrophora geruzei, identified as a new species from Türkiye based on morphological data, was distinguished from the other two commonly seen Aphrophora species in Türkiye by differences in the dorsal views of pronotum, mesonotum, and head, supported by geometric morphometric analysis.Öğe Integrative studies of Microtus hartingi and Microtus guentheri (Cricetidae, Arvicolinae) and taxonomic problem of Microtus elbeyli(Elsevier GmbH, 2024) Selçuk, Ahmet Yesari; Kaya, Alaettin; Kefelioğlu, HalukIn this study, Taxonomic differences between Microtus guentheri and Microtus hartingi, which are similar in terms of external morphological features, were determined using linear morphometric, geometric morphometric, karyological and molecular analyses methods. Through classical morphometric (mean values) and geometric morphometric analyses of craniodental and mandible characters, influenced by various genetic, developmental, and functional processes, it was found that M. hartingi and M. guentheri exhibited notable differences in both mean linear measurements and shape. The Jackknife in classical morphometric analyses of samples, which underwent molecular and karyological species diagnoses, was higher than 88 % for each character. In geometric morphometric analyses, the Procrustes distance for shape follows the order Ventral < Dorsal < Mandible < M3Öğe Morphological, linear and geometric morphometric differences of Anatolian Sorex (Mammalia: Soricidae) species(Elsevier GmbH, 2025) Selçuk, Ahmet Yesari; Kaya, Alaettin; İbiş, Osman; Tez, Coşkun; Kefelioğlu, HalukThe taxonomic complexity of Sorex species is largely due to their morphological similarity. The different approaches used in taxonomic studies have both advantages and disadvantages. In this study, Sorex volnuchini, Sorex raddei and Sorex satunini specimens were compared using morphological features (molar teeth), mechanical potential (bite force), linear morphometric and geometric morphometric analysis. No pigmentation was detected in the hypoconic region of the first upper molar in the samples of S. volnuchini. In contrast, the pigmentation in the hypoconic region showed variability in the samples of S. raddei and S. satunini. In linear morphometric analyses, the linear measurement results of craniodental and mandibular characters for S. raddei and S. satunini overlapped many characters. However, regarding linear measurements, S. volnuchini was separated from these species (p < 0.01). Based on both linear morphometrics and centroid size (geometric morphometrics), it was determined that S. volnuchini was smaller than other the Sorex species, and similarly, it was also determined that S. volnuchini had a lower bite force (mechanical potential) than other Sorex species. There was no correlation between bite force and centroid size (CS) within the species. However, pairwise comparisons determined a statistically significant difference among the species. The Jackknifed classification rate was over 92 % in linear morphometric analysis. As a result of geometric morphometric analysis, the order of the centroid size for the skull (ventral and dorsal) and the mandible was Neomys milleri > S. raddei > S. satunini > Sorex volncuhini. No significant difference was found between S. raddei and S. satunini in centroid size for only dorsal skull. Allometric growth, which varies in shape with size, was not observed in the skull (ventral and dorsal) and mandible. N. milleri, S. raddei, S. satunini and S. volnuchini differed according to the Procrustes and Mahalanobis distance (p < 0.05). Three dendrograms of morphological (ventral and dorsal skull, mandible) proximity showed a similar topology.Öğe Morphological, linear, and geometric morphometric differences (skull, mandible, and pelvis) among subspecies of Talpa levantis (Eulipotyphla: Talpidae) with molecular divergence (mtDNA and nuclear DNA)(TUBITAK, 2025) Selçuk, Ahmet Yesari; Kaya, Alaettin; Kefelioğlu, HalukIn this study, we conducted comprehensive analysis to determine the morphological, linear morphometric, and geometric morphometric differences between three subspecies of Talpa levantis: T. levantis levantis, T. levantis dogramacii, and T. levantis transcaucasica. Molecular analyses including mitochondrial DNA (complete cyt b gene) and nuclear DNA (BRCA-2) were also used. The subspecies of T. levantis showed similarities in the parastyle of the first upper molar and the mesostyle of the second and third upper molars, as well as in the morphology of the pelvis and linear measurements of the ventral skull, mandible, and pelvis. T. levantis dogramacii and T. levantis levantis clustered together in the phylogenetic tree based on cyt b, and these subspecies exhibited low Mahalanobis distances for the ventral part of the skull, the mandible, and the lateral part of the hemicoxae. T. levantis transcaucasica exhibited higher Mahalanobis distances than the other studied subspecies. In the phylogenetic analysis, T. levantis transcaucasica had a lower genetic distance to the geographically distant subspecies T. levantis dogramacii. Ecological factors were found to be effective on shape and centroid size, except for the mandible. Phylogenetic analyses (cyt b and BRCA-2) and geometric morphometric analyses (ventral skull, mandible, and hemicoxa) revealed that T. levantis transcaucasica is distinct from the other subspecies. The molecular and geometric morphometric results obtained in this study support the conclusion that the valid name for this taxon is “Talpa transcaucasica.”.Öğe Three-dimensional (3D) photogrammetric-based geometric morphometric analysis of the skull in the social vole (Cricetidae: Microtus)(Elsevier GmbH, 2025) Selçuk, Ahmet Yesari; Kaya, AlaettinGeometric morphometric analysis has significantly advanced the study of size and shape variation of the mammalian skull. In this study, we used photogrammetry to build three-dimensional models of Microtus skulls to investigate the shape variation of five species using the geometric morphometric approach. We hypothesized that three-dimensional (3D) skull shape data would accurately discriminate between closely related species. Canonical analysis of variance revealed a similar level of species classification based on both 2D and 3D shape data. These findings indicate the precision and accuracy of the photogrammetric method (3D geometric morphometric) in morphologically similar and taxonomically problematic groups, such as Microtus. In species with similar diploid chromosome numbers (Microtus guentheri-M. hartingi and Microtus anatolicus-M. schidlovskii) and in groups in which linear morphometric analyses (Discriminant function analysis and MANOVA) could not distinguish between species (Microtus dogramacii, Microtus schidlovskii, and M. guentheri), the photogrammetry-based 3D GM analyses showed a high level of correct classification rates, demonstrated differences between groups in the cluster dendrogram, and showed significant differences in the shape of the skulls.
