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Öğe Biological control of crown gall in GF677 rootstock and changes in antioxidant enzyme activities(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Tekiner Aydın, Nasibe; Kotan, RecepBiological control agents are bacteria that are used to control plant diseases by providing direct biocontrol of pathogens and/or by stimulating the plant’s defense system. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of the five most effective bioagent bacteria to control crown gall on GF677 rootstock, to characterize their biocontrol and plant growth-promoting properties, and to assess the defense-related antioxidant enzyme activities. Bioefficacy tests of bioagent bacteria were carried out for root and stem treatments on GF677 rootstock according to a randomized plot design with five replications and one rootstock in each replication. Three different groups were created as controls. After ~6 months, the number of tumors formed on the roots and the diameter of the tumors formed on the stem were examined. According to the results, the commercial product Nogall had the highest effect in root treatments, followed by strain RK 1 B + 1978. In stem treatments, the lowest tumor diameter was observed with strain 1 B + RK1978. Strain RK 1978 synthesized chitinase, phytase, amylase, protease, and cellulase enzymes but could not synthesize hydrogen cyanide, salicylic acid, and siderophores. The amount of antioxidant enzymes with root and stem treatments in rootstocks increased compared to the control group without any treatment. Molecular analysis identified strain RK 1978 as Bacillus subtilis. Thus, biological control with B. subtilis strain RK 1978 is recommended as a new ecofriendly candidate for the management of crown gall disease.Öğe Biological control of pine sawfly (diprion pini l.) and molecular characterisation of effective strains(ARS Codendi, 2016) Dadaşoğlu, Fatih; Tozlu, Göksel; Kotan, Recep; Göktürk, Temel; Karagöz, KenanDiprion pini is one of the most important pests in forest trees around the world. Also the pest was determined in pine forests around the Turkey, causing outbreaks in some regions. Therefore, this study aimed to develop bacterial biopesticides, which can be used to control Diprion pini remarkably and at the same time which do not threaten the environment and human health. Bacterial strains which were effective against different pests in some studies were used. Their insecticidal effects were tested on larvae of Diprion pini in vitro on petri dishes. Seven days after applications, some of the tested strains showed more or less insecticidal activity against this pest. The highest activity was obtained for strains FD-17 and FD-1causing 66.7-80% mortality, respectively. The activities of the other bacterial applications were not statistically different from that of the negative control. In conclusion, strains FD-17 and FD-1 are good candidates for use as biological control agents against this economically important pest. These effective strains were characterized to the species level by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. According to the results, both strains have been identified as Bacillus atrophaeus.Öğe Determination of biological control agent bacteria against crown gall(Namik Kemal University - Agricultural Faculty, 2025) Tekiner Aydın, Nasibe; Kotan, RecepThis study was carried out to determine new bioagent bacteria for in vitro and semi-in vivo biological control of crown gall disease [Rhizobium radiobacter (Agrobacterium tumefaciens)]. A total of 2012 potential bioagent bacterial strains belonging to different genera were tested in vitro against the pathogen. Microbial identification systems (MIS) diagnoses of bioagent bacterial strains found to be effective as a result of in vitro tests were supported by some conventional tests. Then, the strains' semi-in vivo biocontrol activities found to be effective were tested in carrot slices and squash fruits. Statistical analysis of the data was made according to the percentage of surface coverage in carrot slices and the number and size of tumors in squash fruits. Then, the most effective bioagent and pathogenic bacterial strain diagnoses were determined molecularly. According to the results; 106 bioagent bacterial strains (66 antibiosis; 40 hyperparasitic effects) were found to be effective against R. radiobacter in vitro conditions. It was determined that conventional test results of bioagent bacteria and MIS results supported each other. As a result of semi-in vivo biocontrol activity, it was determined that 8 bioagent bacterial strains out of 106 bioagent bacterial strains did not produce pectolytic activity, and 8 bioagent bacterial strains could be evaluated as a result of semi-in vivo test. The most effective strain suppressing the development of the pathogen in carrot slices and squash fruits was RK 1986 (carrot slices 1.78±0.47; squash fruits 0.26±0.04), followed by RK 570A (carrot slices 2.89±0.82; squash fruits 0.35+0.03) and RK 1074 (carrot slices 3.44±0.99; squash fruits 0.46±0.05) strains were followed. According to the results of molecular identification, the most effective bioagent bacterial strain (RK 1986) was Bacillus mojavensis, and the pathogenic bacteria strain (1B) was R. radiobacter.Öğe Eco-friendly control method against invasive pest box tree moth, (Cydalima perspectalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae))(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Tozlu, Elif; Tozlu, Göksel; Kotan, Recep; Tekiner, Nasibe; Dadaşoğlu, Fatih; Göktürk, TemelBackground: Buxus sempervirens (Boxwood) is a type of plant that has economic and cultural significance, danger of extinction due to various factors. Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), an invasive species, has an important role as a boxwood pest. The inadequacy of the pheromone trap methods recommended to control the pest or the negative effects of chemical insecticides on the environment have led to seeking alternative approaches in this regard. In this study, it was conducted to determine whether entomopathogens can be applied in pest control, the insecticidal effects of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae (FDP-8), Bacillus cereus (FD-63), Brevibacillus brevis (FD-1) and Vibrio hollisae (FD-70) bacterial strains at the concentration of 1 × 108 CFU/ml and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Cordycipitaceae) (ET 10) fungal isolate at the concentrations of 1 × 106, 1 × 107 and 1 × 108 conidia/ml were tested under controlled conditions. Results: As compared the results of the bacterial strains and fungal tested, it was determined that the best results were obtained from in the fungal isolate at the concentration of 1 × 108 conidia/ml. After 192 and 216 h. of observation, the 1 × 108 CFU/ml of bacterial strains: B. cereus FD-63, B. brevis FD-1 and V. hollisae FD-70; also, 1 × 108 conidia/ml concentration of ET 10 fungal isolate of B. bassiana control C. perspectalis caused mortality rate of 100% under laboratory conditions. Conclusion: Future studies of these microorganisms against this pest in the field, may be an important alternative method to control this pest.Öğe Investigation of means of biological control of diaporthe foeniculina, a fruit rot agent in lemon(Springer Link, 2023) Tekiner Aydın, Nasibe; Kotan, Recep; Guarnaccia, VladimiroBiological control is successfully applied against fungal diseases that agricultural products are exposed to in the process from the production stage to reaching the consumer. The aim of this study was to determine the bacterial biological control agents that can be used against Diaporthe foeniculina of the genus Diaporthe, which is an important fungal disease agent in lemon. The aim was to investigate the antagonistic activity of 36 bacterial strains belonging to eight different genera (eight Bacillus megaterium, seven B. subtilis, three B. pumilus, two B. cereus, two Pseudomonas chlororaphis, two P. flourescens, one B. atrophaeus, three Pantoea agglomerans, one Agrobacterium radiobacter, one Brevibacillus brevis, one B. choshinensis, one Kluyvera cryocrescens, one Kocuri rosea, one Paenibacillus macerans, one P. putida and one unidentified), which were isolated from different plants and to determine antagonistic activity against D. foeniculina ET 88 isolate in in vitro conditions. According to the in vitro test results, these bioagent bacterial strains inhibited mycelial growth of D. foeniculina between 17.86 and 89.29%. TV 53D strain of B. choshinensis (89.29%) was the most effective, followed by TV 6F strain (86.90%) of B. subtilis, FDG 37 strain (86.90%) of P. fluorescens and A 16 strain (82.74%) of A. radiobacter. This study will make a significant contribution to the literature as it is the first biological control study against D. foeniculina. In future studies, it is of great importance to test effective bioagent bacterial strains on lemon fruits under different storage conditions and to develop commercial preparations of effective bacterial strains.Öğe Pathogenicity of different rhizobium radiobacter (agrobacterium tumefaciens) isolates and their identification with conventional methods(Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, 2022) Tekiner Aydın, Nasibe; Kotan, RecepRhizobium radiobacter is a significant causal agent that ranks among the top ten bacteria of molecular plant pathology in the world, has the largest range of hosts among plant pathogenic bacteria, and limits production and leads to economic losses in agriculture. The distinctive feature of the causal agent from other bacteria is the Ti plasmid, the extrachromosomal structure present in all virulent types. In this study, virulence of five R. radiobacter isolates (1A, 1B, 2A, 2B and RK 473) isolated from different rootstocks was tested in carrot slices, squash fruits, kalanchoe leaves, tomato and sunflower seedlings, and GF677, M9 and MM106 rootstocks, and hypersensitive response tests were conducted in tobacco plant. The isolates were diagnosed with biochemical and physiological tests by classical methods. All isolates formed tumors in carrot slices and squash fruits. 1A, 1B, 2A and 2B isolates formed tumors in the stem of GF677 peach rootstock, while it did not form any tumors on the stems of M9 and MM106 rootstocks. Tumor formation was observed in 1B isolate in the root application of GF677 peach rootstock, while no tumor formation was observed in other isolates. RK 473 isolate became pathogenic in M9 and MM106 apple rootstocks, while it was observed that the other isolates did not form any tumors. It was seen that none of the isolates became pathogenic in tomato and sunflower root and stem, and kalanchoe leaf applications. According to the virulence test results, 1B isolate was found out to be the most virulent isolate. Biochemical and physiological tests revealed the differences between isolates.Öğe Prospects of entomopathogenic bacteria and fungi for biological control of ricania simulans (walker 1851) (hemiptera: ricaniidae)(Zoological Society Of Pakistan, 2018) Göktürk, Temel; Tozlu, Elif; Kotan, RecepRicania simulans causes harm in almost all plants that grow along the Eastern Black Sea coast. The chemicals used to control this pest are prohibited in this region due to tea cultivation. For this reason, new strategies are needed to control this pest. With the awareness on the negative effects of the chemicals used in the control against pests and with the increasing awareness on environmental issues, alternative methods were sought in the past; and in this context, studies were conducted to find new methods in which fungi and bacteria were used in the biological control against pests. Totally 10 bacterial strains including 2 strains of Brevibacillus brevis (CP-1, FD-1), 1 strain of Bacillus thuringiensis (FDP-1), 2 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae (FDP-8, FDP-42), 2 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstakii (FDP-41, BAB-410), 1 strain of Bacillus subtilis (EK-7), 1 strain of Pseudomonas chlororaphis (NEM-28) and 1 strain of Bacillus sphaericus GC sub-group D (FD-49) and additionally 1 Beauveria bassiana (ET 10) fungus isolate were examined for their insecticidal activities in this study. The studied bio agents were tested by spraying on R. simulans nymphs and adults. B. thuringiensis subsp. kenyae, B. brevis and B. sphaericus GC subgroup D were the most effective on nymphs, whereas B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstakii, P. chlororaphi, and B. brevis were the most effective on adults. Under controlled conditions, mortality rate varied between 19.58%-42.08% in nymph applications, and between 6%-18% in adult applications.Öğe The investigation of the biological control of Icerya purchasi maskell, 1878 (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) with entomopathogenic fungi and bacteria(KASTAMONU UNIV, 2020) Tozlu, Elif; Tekiner, Nasibe; Tozlu, Göksel; Kotan, Recep; Çalmaşur, Önder; Göktürk, Temel; Dadaşoğlu, FatihCottony cushion scale Icerya purchasi Maskell, 1878 (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) is an important pest that inhibits the plant growth and development by sap sucking of the plants, and causes sooty mold in more than 200 plant species, especially in citrus plantation. The present study investigated the biological control of the nymphs and adult I. purchasi, which densely populates the mimosa plants (Acacia dealbata) in Artvin, Turkey. For this purpose, one fungal isolate [Beauveria bassiana (ET 10)] and eight bacterial strains [Brevibacillus brevis (CP-1), Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae (FDP-8, FDP-42), B. thuringiensis (FDP-1), B. sphaericus (FD-49), B. pumilus (TV-67C), Pseudomonas fluorescens (RK-1773) and B. atrophaeus (RK-1774)] were assessed against the nymphs and adult of I. purchasi under controlled conditions. Fungal and bacterial suspensions were sprayed onto 20 nymphs and 20 adults of I. purchasi in plastic boxes. The death rates of the nymphs and adults were recorded. The B. bassiana (ET 10) caused a death up to 100% and 80% in nymphs and adults, respectively. Moreover, P. flourescens (RK 1773) caused 90.5% death of nymphs and B. thuringiensis subsp. kenyae (FDP-42) presented 88.5% death to the nymphs of I. purchase. However, the use of the bacterial strains was not much successful against the adults, as compared to the nymphs.
