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    In-depth exploration of challenges faced by women in the Turkish maritime industry: A qualitative study
    (IOS Press BV, 2024) Yıldırım, Umut; Nart, Senem; Akar, Sevda; Sarıalioğlu, Songül; Toygar, Arda; Vardar, Burak; Coşkun Kaya, Sultan; Sarı, Mustafa
    BACKGROUND: Women are underrepresented in the maritime industry compared to men. This sector continues to perpetuate gender discrimination and stereotypes, often overlooking women's physical competence. OBJECTIVE: To explore the multi-faceted challenges faced by Turkish female officers, unveiling the different dimensions of these challenges, and providing a comprehensive understanding of their experiences. METHODS: In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 Turkish female officers actively working on seagoing vessels. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA software. RESULTS: The challenges faced by female officers were examined using content analysis. A total of 50 different codes were identified within 10 categories. The categories are gender inequality, violence, restriction of freedom, work-family conflict, mental health, physical differences, unsafe living space, insufficient communication with management, lack of psychometric testing and limited access to health services. CONCLUSION: By shedding light on the unique obstacles faced by female officers in Turkey, this study enhances our understanding of the underlying challenges and lays the groundwork for the implementation of effective policies and practices that promote the empowerment of women in the maritime industry.
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    Understanding the impact of global challenges on container shipping: A qualitative study in the COVID-19 era
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Toygar, Arda; Yıldırım, Umut; Nart, Senem
    Global challenges in container shipping can cause periodic disruptions and result in volumetric losses in supply chain operations, which can restrict commercial mobility. Throughout history, major disruptions have been the most significant drivers of change and progress. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the impact of these challenges to develop solutions. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of global challenges that have occurred in the COVID-19 era on container shipping. Qualitative research methods were used to form a study group of twenty-seven industry representatives. The challenges were conceptualized into four main themes. The results of the study showed that the strategic decision areas prioritized include prolongation of the transport time, port congestion, increased shipping cost, and global scale impact. This study allows the impact of global challenges on container shipping to be conceptualized and to identify criteria for decision-making methods.
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    Work-family conflict and work alienation among seafarers: The mediating role of emotional exhaustion
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Toygar, Arda; Nart, Senem; Yıldırım, Umut
    Working on ships in challenging conditions and with limited social contact, seafarers are separated from their families for much of the year. Moreover, the recent global crises have restricted seafarers’ connections with the shore. The necessity to work away from family can cause emotional exhaustion and work alienation among seafarers. Today, when the demand for maritime transportation has reached the highest levels, it is important to identify the factors that lead to the alienation of seafarers, who are the building blocks of the sector in the profession. Therefore, this study investigated the mediating role of emotional exhaustion in the association between work-family conflict and work alienation among seafarers. The participants of this study were 360 seafarers. The researchers used structural equation modeling to analyze the proposed hypotheses. The results of the mediation model indicated a significant and positive association between work-family conflict and work alienation, with emotional exhaustion partially mediating this association. Therefore, the study found that higher levels of work-family conflict were associated with higher levels of emotional exhaustion and work alienation. The results provide a different perspective on the challenges faced by seafarers and have practical implications.