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Öğe A quantitative ergonomic risk assessment model of maritime port operations: An integrated spherical fuzzy-FUCOM-ARTASI approach(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Tatar, Veysel; Ayvaz, Berk; Pamucar, DraganThe objective of this study is to enhance a novel ergonomics risk assessment tool for workers in maritime port operations by implementing and validating two innovative methodologies, namely, the FUCOM and ARTASI methods. The integration of the Fine-Kinney method and spherical fuzzy sets into these methods provides a detailed understanding of the risks of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in various port operations. The primary findings demonstrate the efficacy of FUCOM and ARTASI in evaluating risk magnitudes for diverse health factors, offering valuable insights for risk classification and proposing effective control measures. The study's findings indicate that the top five most significant hazards are ERG6 (Heavy lifting, pulling, pushing, stacking), ERG2 (Lashing and unlashing operations), ERG12 (Working long hours or on shifts), ERG1 (Poor posture/awkward postures), and ERG10 (Work-related stress). The study underscores the necessity for future research to enhance knowledge in this domain, thereby facilitating a more profound comprehension of occupational risk areas and the strategies implemented by occupational health and safety (OHS) management systems in the port environment in an integrated manner.Öğe The alternative ranking using two-step logarithmic normalization method for benchmarking the supply chain performance of countries(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Kara, Karahan; Yalçın, Galip Cihan; Simic, Vladimir; Baysal, Zeynep; Pamucar, DraganSupply chain performance signifies the success of countries in material and information flow within international trade activities. Countries strive to enhance their supply chain performance by increasing connectivity with partner countries and reducing dwell times at logistics hubs. In this study, the supply chain performance of countries based on international tracking indicators is examined using a multi-criteria decision-making approach. The paper encompasses two primary objectives. The first objective is the determination of the supply chain performance of countries. The second one is the development of a novel alternative ranking method. The study employs 10 supply chain key performance indicators as criteria and utilizes data from 72 countries. The data is sourced from logistics performance index reports published by the World Bank. The modified preference selection index (MPSI) is employed for criterion weighting. For the ranking of countries, a novel alternative ranking method named the “Alternative Ranking using two-step LOgarithmic Normalization (ARLON)” method is proposed. Through the implementation of the MPSI-ARLON hybrid method, supply chain performance and rankings of countries are computed. The findings are supported by sensitivity and comparative analyses. Furthermore, robustness tests are conducted for the ARLON method. The research concludes by presenting implications and managerial insights derived from the ARLON method.Öğe An intuitionistic fuzzy-based model for performance evaluation of EcoPorts(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Yalçın, Galip Cihan; Kara, Karahan; Toygar, Arda; Simic, Vladimir; Pamucar, Dragan; Köleoğlu, NilayThe EcoPort performance level serves as a basic indicator to determine the environmental status of a port and its achievement of certification standards. The European Sea Ports Organization has defined ten essential EcoPort criteria that contribute significantly to the assessment of EcoPort performance. The primary motivation for this study is to determine the importance of the criteria from the perspective of academics and chief officers, as well as to evaluate the EcoPort performance of six port authorities that comply with three basic certification standards for environmental management systems. The research methodology and application are conducted in four phases. In the first phase, experts, criteria, and alternative ports are identified. In the second phase, the importance levels of experts are determined using neutrosophic sets, while the criteria are weighted using the intuitionistic fuzzy weighting averaging operator. In the third phase, the alternative ranking order method accounting for two-step normalization (AROMAN) based on the intuitionistic fuzzy sets is introduced to evaluate the EcoPort performance of the ports. In the fourth phase, the results are supported by sensitivity analysis scenarios. The research results identified air pollution as the most critical criterion, while the Valencia Port Authority secured the highest rank in terms of EcoPort performance. Ultimately, this research contributes to the literature by developing and applying the new IF-AROMAN method for EcoPort performance evaluation.Öğe Analysis of renewable energy investments in China's BRI middle corridor using spherical fuzzy decision-making framework(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Tatar, Veysel; Ayvaz, Berk; Pamucar, DraganThe importance of investment in, and access to, renewable energy is widely recognised as a key factor in achieving countries' sustainable development and economic growth goals. In order to advance sustainable development, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) project, proposed by China, represents a significant research area of investigation for countries aiming to attract investments in renewable energy sources (RES). The aim of this study is to provide an analytical evaluation methodology for investment risk factors for renewable energy (RE) in BRI middle corridor countries bordering the Black Sea. The methodology is based on multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approaches, including the spherical fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (SF-AHP) and the alternative ranking technique based on adaptive standardized intervals (ARTASI). While the SF-AHP is employed to prioritize main and sub-criteria in an environment of uncertainty, the ARTASI is utilized to rank the RE investment profiles of countries by integrating the calculated criteria. The results demonstrated that “Environmental” emerged as the most significant criterion, accounting for 21.61 % of the total importance, followed by “Economic” (21.26 %), “Political” (17.09 %), “Technical” (15.22 %), “Chinese factors” (14.63 %), and “Social” (10.19 %), respectively. The findings indicate that Türkiye and Romania, two of the BRI mid-corridor Black Sea coastal countries, are the most suitable options for Chinese enterprises investing overseas in terms of renewable energy investments. In light of these findings, it can be posited that Chinese enterprises will be better placed to manage and execute BRI renewable energy investment projects in a more effective manner, thereby reducing potential risks and enhancing the potential for investment benefits.Öğe A bipolar neutrosophic combined compromise solution-based hybrid model for identifying blockchain application barriers and Benchmarking consensus algorithms(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Aytekin, Ahmet; Bozkurt, Eda; Orakçı, Erhan; Uysal, Mustafa; Simic, Vladimir; Korucuk, Selçuk; Pamucar, DraganBlockchain technology and applications, one of the most attractive Industry 4.0 technologies, provide organizations with a transparent, reliable, and traceable distributed ledger network. Blockchain technologies have the potential to transform the way logistics companies and supply chains operate and boost efficiency. However, blockchain technology applications are not yet widely adopted in all industries. Among the challenges that logistics companies should pay close attention to in the future are focusing on blockchain technology, reducing current barriers, and supporting the best consensus algorithms. In this context, the main research questions are: (1) What are the obstacles to blockchain technology applications in logistics organizations? (2) Which is the best consensus algorithm? The study suggests the approach of combining subjective and objective techniques in the process of weighting the criteria. Also, the research introduces the bipolar neutrosophic-logarithmic percentage change-driven objective weighting approach, as well as the bipolar neutrosophic-combined compromise solution approach, for choosing a consensus algorithm to solve the obstacles blockchain technologies face. According to the study's findings, the most significant barrier in blockchain technologies is "lack of legal regulation". “Proof of authority” is identified as the most important consensus algorithm.Öğe Enhancing the sustainability and effectiveness of non-governmental organizations: An integrated neutrosophic decision-making model for determining the most effective corporate governance strategies(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Ayhan, Emrah; Gündoğdu, Hakan Gökhan; Aytekin, Ahmet; Karakaya, Ahmet Furkan; Simic, Vladimir; Pamucar, DraganThis research explores the development of effective corporate governance strategies for non-governmental organizations (NGOs) by evaluating both critical decision criteria and innovative organizational models. Based on an extensive literature review, seven governance criteria were identified: credibility and non-profit orientation, regular information flow and transparency, level of institutionalization, frequency of leadership turnover, internal and external stakeholder relations, annual budget, and ideological or religious motivation. In addition, five innovative organizational models were selected as strategic alternatives: continuous learning organization, technology-oriented policy development, income diversification, pluralistic governance, and transformational leadership. The empirical data were gathered through interviews with 16 experts from academia, civil society, and public institutions in Türkiye. To address the complexity and uncertainty of decision-making processes, a hybrid type-2 neutrosophic number (T2NN) multi-criteria decision-making methodology is introduced. The T2NN-ranking comparison and T2NN-criteria importance through intercriteria correlation methods are used to determine the weight of criteria, while T2NN-stable preference ordering towards ideal solution is utilized to rank the alternative models. Results show that the level of institutionalization is the most significant criterion, and income diversification is the most effective organizational model for improving NGO sustainability. The study not only provides practical guidance for NGO leaders but also introduces a robust methodological approach applicable to governance challenges under uncertain conditions.Öğe Evaluation of international market entry strategies for mineral oil companies using a neutrosophic SWARA-CRADIS methodology(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Aytekin, Ahmet; Öztürk Küçük, Hilal; Aytekin, Makbule; Simic, Vladimir; Pamucar, DraganBusinesses encounter risks when entering new countries, but there are also opportunities. The strategy a business employs when opting to enter a new market is directly tied to its success. In this regard, the study provides an approach for evaluating new market entry strategies for businesses facilitating in the mineral oil sector and manufacturing industries. The approach includes the development of the type 2 neutrosophic step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA)-compromise ranking of alternatives from distance to ideal solution (CRADIS) methodology, which aims to solve the problem by determining the candidate strategies and the criteria to be utilized in their evaluation. The findings revealed that market conditions are the most crucial criterion in selecting strategies for mineral oil companies intending to enter new markets. The magnitude and development potential of the new market to be entered, as well as the status of the actors, all have an impact on market conditions, which are critical for businesses. Moreover, foreign direct investment is found to be the best market entry strategy. This strategy arises because businesses aim to maximize the potential in the market they have recently entered, as well as other factors such as government incentives. The study is expected to benefit production enterprises, the mineral oil sector, the marketing field, and the literature by identifying criteria and option sets, finding the importance degrees of the criteria, selecting the ideal entry strategy, and proposing a methodology for handling uncertain data.Öğe Evaluation of the pharmaceutical distribution and warehousing companies through an integrated Fermatean fuzzy entropyWASPAS approach(Emerald Group Holdings Ltd., 2022) Aytekin, Ahmet; Görçün, Ömer Faruk; Ecer, Fatih; Pamucar, Dragan; Karamaşa, ÇağlarPurpose – Pharmaceutical supply chains (PSCs) need a well-operating and faultless logistics system to successfully store and distribute their medicines. Hospitals, health institutes, and pharmacies must maintain extra stock to respond requirements of the patients. Nevertheless, there is an inverse correlation between the level of medicine stock and logistics service level. The high stock level held by health institutions indicates that we have not sufficiently excellent logistics systems presently. As such, selecting appropriate logistics service providers (drug distributors) is crucial and strategic for PSCs. However, this is difficult for decision-makers, as highly complex situations and conflicting criteria influence such evaluation processes. So, a robust, applicable, and strong methodological frame is required to solve these decision-making problems. Design/methodology/approach – To achieve this challenging issue, the authors develop and apply an integrated entropy-WASPAS methodology with Fermatean fuzzy sets for the first time in the literature. The evaluation process takes place in two stages, as in traditional multi-criteria problems. In the first stage, the importance levels of the criteria are determined by the FF-entropy method. Afterwards, the FF-WASPAS approach ranks the alternatives. Findings – The feasibility of the proposed model is also supported by a case study where six companies are evaluated comprehensively regarding ten criteria. Herewith, total warehouse capacity, number of refrigerated vehicles, and personnel are the top three criteria that significantly influence the evaluation of pharmaceutical distribution and warehousing companies. Further, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis proves the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed approach. Practical implications – The proposed multi-attribute decision model quantitatively aids managers in selecting logistics service providers considering imprecisions in the multi-criteria decision-making process. Originality/value – A new model has been developed to present a sound mathematical model for selecting logistics service providers consisting of Fermatean fuzzy entropy and WASPAS methods. The paper’s main contribution is presenting a comprehensive and more robust model for the ex ante evaluation and ranking of providers.Öğe Exploring the adoption of the metaverse and chat generative pre-trained transformer: A single-valued neutrosophic Dombi Bonferroni-based method for the selection of software development strategies(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Önden, Abdullah; Kara, Karahan; Önden, İsmail; Yalçın, Galip Cihan; Simic, Vladimir; Pamucar, DraganThe contemporary era has witnessed remarkable developments that seek to transform and reshape traditional software development methodologies. Notably, artificial intelligence (AI) supported software development as well as software development in virtual reality environments have gained considerable prominence. This article introduces software development strategies to examine how software developers and companies respond to this transformation. Also, an advanced decision model is developed using the alternative ranking order method accounting for two-step normalization (AROMAN) method and further analyzed with the single-valued neutrosophic set-based AROMAN technique. The single-valued neutrosophic weighted Dombi Bonferroni operator is employed in the analysis process. This research offers two case studies investigating the preferences of developers and managers in software development strategies. The first case study examines the preferences of developers, while the second focuses on the preferences of managers. In both case studies, three fundamental software development methods are presented. These include the “traditional developers approach”, “AI-supported developers approach”, and “mixed reality and AI-supported developers approach”. These methods are ranked based on expert opinions concerning 10 criteria that influence the software development process. In both case studies, “output quality” is identified as the most influential criterion. From the perspective of software development methods, in both case studies, the “mixed reality and AI-supported developers approach” is identified as the most effective. Recommendations are provided for developers and managers. The findings also have significant implications for guiding developers and managers in making informed decisions and optimizing software development practices to align with the evolving AI and virtual reality landscape.Öğe Foreign market selection of suppliers through a novel REF-Sort technique(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2022) Aytekin, Ahmet; Görçün, Ömer Faruk; Ecer, Fatih; Pamucar, Dragan; Karamaşa, ÇağlarPurpose – The present study aims to provide a practical and robust assessment technique for assessing countries’ investability in global supply chains to practitioners. Thus, the proposed approach can help decisionmakers evaluate and select appropriate countries in the expansion process of the global supply chains and reduce risks concerning country (market) selection. Design/methodology/approach –The present study proposes a novel decision-making approach, namely the REF-Sort technique. The proposed approach has many valuable contributions to the literature. First, it has an efficient basic algorithm and can be applied to solve highly complicated decision-making problems without requiring advanced mathematical knowledge. Besides, some characteristics differentiate REF-Sort apart from other techniques. REF-Sort employs the value or value range that reflects the most typical characteristic of the relevant class in assignment processes. The reference values in REF-Sort and center profiles are similar in this regard. On the other hand, class references can be defined as ranges in REF-Sort. Secondary values, called successors, can also be employed to assign a value to the appropriate class. REF-Sort can also determine the reference and successor values/ranges independently of the decision matrix. In addition, the proposed model is a maximally stable and consistent decision-making tool, as it is resistant to the rank reversal problem. Findings –The current papers’ findings indicate that countries have different features concerning investment. Hence, the current paper pointed out that only 22% of the 95 countries are investable, whereas 19% are risky. Thus, decision-makers should make detailed evaluations using robust, powerful, and practical decisionmaking tools to make more reasonable and logical decisions concerning country selection. Originality/value – The current paper proposes a novel decision-making approach to evaluate. According to the authors’ information, the proposed model has been applied to evaluate investable countries for the global supply chains for the first timeÖğe An integrated Fine-Kinney risk assessment model utilizing Fermatean fuzzy AHP-WASPAS for occupational hazards in the aquaculture sector(Institution of Chemical Engineers, 2024) Ayvaz, Berk; Tatar, Veysel; Sağır, Zeynep; Pamucar, DraganThe multidisciplinary field of occupational health and safety (OHS) aims to identify, assess, and mitigating hazards that arise in the workplace or due to the execution of the work. The Fine-Kinney method is a quantitative risk assessment widely applied in many industries to identify, evaluate and prevent potential hazards. Despite the widespread usage of the classic Fine-Kinney approach in several research, its effectiveness in addressing the issue of objective risk appraisal among decision-makers is limited. Therefore, this study proposes a comprehensive occupational risk assessment framework that integrates the Fine-Kinney method with the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) under the Fermatean fuzzy environment. The Fermatean fuzzy set (FFS) offers a more flexible solution in determining the uncertainty and vagueness of information, as it covers membership and non-membership degrees in a wider area compared to intuitionistic and Pythagorean fuzzy sets. The AHP approach is used to calculate the weightage of each Fine-Kinney risk parameter (probability (P), exposure (E), and consequence (C)), and WASPAS method is used to find the ranking of the hazards. In the proposed model, Fermatean fuzzy weighted geometric (FFWG) operator is used for aggregation of expert opinions. Finally, sensitivity and comparative analyses are also performed to further highlight the adaptability and efficiency of the proposed occupational health and safety risk assessment (OHSRA) model, and a case study analyzing occupational hazards for aquaculture operations is presented to demonstrate the model's rationality and feasibility.Öğe An integrated neutrosophic Schweizer-Sklar-based model for evaluating economic activities in organized industrial zones(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Kara, Karahan; Yalçın, Galip Cihan; Simic, Vladimir; Polat, Mustafa; Pamucar, DraganOrganized industrial zones (OIZs) are specialized areas where industrial activities are concentrated, and various economic activities take place collectively. Within OIZs, diverse economic activities coexist, forming shared industrial spaces. However, different regions tend to cluster different economic activities within OIZs. Given the significance of determining suitable economic activities for OIZs, developing a model for this decision problem, and testing its practical applicability is crucial. This research presents a multi-criteria decision-making approach to develop an economic activity selection model for OIZs. This model is based on type-2 neutrosophic numbers (T2NNs). Furthermore, two T2NNs aggregation operators, namely T2NN Schweizer–Sklar weighted arithmetic mean and T2NN Schweizer–Sklar weighted geometric mean aggregation operators, are developed based on the Schweizer-Sklar operations for use in determining decision-maker weights and ranking economic activities. The T2NN-based criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) method is employed for criterion weighting. An algorithm specific to the proposed model is devised for ranking economic activities. As a case study, this algorithm is applied to the Artvin-Arhavi OIZ, which is in the process of establishment in Turkey. Sensitivity and comparative analyses are conducted to assess the robustness of the developed aggregation operators and the model. In the case study findings, the most significant criterion is identified as investment risk, and forestry, logging, and related service activities are determined as the best economic activity. This research contributes to the field by introducing the model and novel aggregation operator for the selection of economic activities in OIZs.Öğe An interval-valued spherical fuzzy CIMAS-WISP group decision-analytic model for blockchain platform selection in digital projects(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Kara, Karahan; Yalçın, Galip Cihan; Simic, Vladimir; Korkuç, Çağatay; Çiçek, İlhan; Afacan, Erkan; Pamucar, DraganDigital projects aspiring to reach target audiences are executed through decentralized and trustworthy blockchain platforms (BPs). Once the objectives and target audience of a digital project are defined, the selection of suitable BPs is undertaken. The primary objective of this research is to develop a decision support system that aids in the selection of BPs for transferring digital data and assets. Numerous quantitative parameters determine the performance of BPs, alongside qualitative parameters indicating their performance. In this study, the aim is to determine the performance of BPs based on both qualitative and quantitative parameters. Within this scope, a multi-criteria decision-making approach and interval-valued spherical fuzzy (IVSF) sets are adopted. IVSF sets are utilized to determine expert importance levels. The IVSF-criteria importance assessment (CIMAS) method is introduced for the weighting of criteria. IVSF-CIMAS enables the determination of reliability levels in calculating criterion weights. The IVSF-simple weighted sum product (WISP) method is formulated to obtain the performance ranking of BPs. Thus, in this research, the IVSF-CIMAS-WISP hybrid model is developed, and an algorithm for this novel decision-analytic model is presented. A case study is developed focusing on BP selection for a digital project to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed hybrid model. The robustness of IVSF-CIMAS-WISP is tested through extensive sensitivity analysis scenarios. According to the research results, the applicability of the IVSF-CIMAS-WISP hybrid method is supported and its robustness is confirmed. The research findings provide numerous insights for project managers and practitioners.Öğe The MEREC-AROMAN method for determining sustainable competitiveness levels: A case study for Turkey(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Kara, Karahan; Yalçın, Galip Cihan; Acar, Avni Zafer; Simic, Vladimir; Konya, Serkan; Pamucar, DraganSustainable competitiveness represents a multifaceted phenomenon encompassing economic, environmental, and social dimensions. Macro-level competitiveness strategies are formulated based on the diverse capitals possessed by individual countries, thereby giving rise to variations in the sustainable competitiveness strategies of each country. This research introduces a novel hybrid method called the method based on the removal effects of criteria (MEREC)?alternative ranking order method accounting for two-step normalization (AROMAN) for determining sustainable competitiveness levels. This study aims to assess Turkey's sustainable competitiveness position vis-à-vis its border neighbors. Natural capital, resource efficiency and intensity, social capital, intellectual capital and innovation, economic sustainability, and governance efficiency are the Global Sustainable Competitiveness Index (GSCI) indicators. The GSCI indicators are employed as criteria for determining the sustainable competitiveness scores of countries. The findings show that the “resource efficiency and intensity” criterion has the highest level of significance. The sustainable competitiveness level of Turkey to its neighboring countries is elucidated based on the results. Recommendations are formulated for the development of strategies aimed at determining Turkey's position in the race for sustainable competitiveness. The introduced MEREC-AROMAN can be utilized to provide rules of thumb for other countries to improve their sustainable competitiveness. This research offers decision support for the formulation of countries' sustainable competitiveness strategies and policies, fostering awareness in the planning and establishment of regional collaborations among nations.Öğe A neutrosophic WENSLO-ARLON model for measuring sustainable brand equity performance(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Kara, Karahan; Yalçın, Galip Cihan; Akagün Ergin, Elif; Simic, Vladimir; Pamucar, DraganSustainable brand equity denotes the perceived brand equity by consumers, influenced by companies' non-financial and environmental practices. To cultivate sustainable brand equity, corporations undertake green initiatives and engage in social responsibility endeavors, thereby communicating environmentally oriented messages to consumers. Companies feel the necessity to establish a competitive position in sustainability relative to their counterparts. Hence, the primary objective of this research is to conduct an inquiry aimed at identifying sustainable brand equity to meet this exigency of companies. In this context, the motivation of this study lies in treating the calculation of sustainable brand equity as a decision-making process and developing a decision support system for this purpose. The proposed decision support system for determining sustainable brand equity levels in this research has three fundamental inputsss: experts, criteria, and brands. The impact levels of experts on the decision-making process are quantified utilizing type-2 neutrosophic number (T2NN) sets. The weights of criteria are ascertained employing the weight by envelope and slope (WENSLO) method extended with T2NN sets. The ranking of sustainable brand equities is established through the innovative T2NN-based alternative ranking using two-step logarithmic normalization (ARLON) method. These methodologies are amalgamated, and the T2NN-WENSLO-ARLON hybrid model is posited as a decision support system for evaluating sustainable brand equity performance. An algorithm for T2NN-WENSLO-ARLON is formulated and elucidated alongside a case study focusing on companies operating in the cosmetics sector in Turkey. The case study identifies the “green product leadership” criterion as the most influential factor in determining sustainable brand equity. Furthermore, the cosmetic company “Misbahçe Inc.” is identified as the brand with the highest sustainable brand equity. Sensitivity and comparative analyses are conducted to ascertain the robustness of the results and the decision model. All scenario outcomes bolster the decision model. The research provides comprehensive insights into both the developed tool for calculating sustainable brand equity and develops implications for the cosmetics industry.Öğe A picture fuzzy CIMAS-ARTASI model for website performance analysis in human resource management(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Kara, Karahan; Yalçın, Galip Cihan; Kaygısız, Esra Gökçen; Simic, Vladimir; Örnek, Ali Şahin; Pamucar, DraganThe central emphasis of human resource management resides in the precise delineation of job responsibilities, engaging in systematic inquiry to identify well-suited candidates, and discerningly electing the most qualified individual from the pool whose qualifications align with the job description. The selection of a well-suited candidate is dependent on the creation of an appropriate candidate pool. Digital platforms are preferred over traditional approaches to reach human resources. The main objective of this research is to identify the most suitable digital platform for posting job advertisements based on website performance. The multiple-attribute group decision-making approach is adopted in this research, considering both qualitative and quantitative criteria. A decision support system for website selection is developed, where expert importance levels are calculated based on picture fuzzy sets (PFS). The weight levels of criteria are determined using the introduced PFS-based criteria importance assessment (CIMAS) method. The ranking of websites is calculated using the proposed PFS-based alternative ranking technique based on adaptive standardized intervals (ARTASI) method. These methods are hybridized into the PFS-CIMAS-ARTASI model. Additionally, an algorithm for this hybrid model is developed. A case study is conducted to demonstrate the applicability of the PFS-CIMAS-ARTASI hybrid model for website performance calculations. Robustness tests based on various sensitivity analysis scenarios are performed. The research results indicate that PFS-CIMAS-ARTASI is both applicable and robust. Comprehensive managerial implications are presented and elaborated on.Öğe A single-valued neutrosophic CIMAS-CRITIC-RBNAR decision support model for the financial performance analysis: A study of technology companies(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Kara, Karahan; Yalçın, Galip Cihan; Çetinkaya, Aslı; Simic, Vladimir; Pamucar, DraganFinancial performance stands as a fundamental performance indicator that reflects companies' current financial conditions, providing information to investors and stakeholders about companies' financial well-being. In this research, a decision support system is developed for identifying the financial performance of companies traded on stock exchanges. This decision support system is based on a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) approach and neutrosophic logic. The research introduces a novel method for calculating and ranking financial performance, using financial ratio indicators as selection criteria. The importance levels of financial ratio indicators are weighted through two different approaches. In the first approach, expert opinions and criteria importance assessment (CIMAS)-based on single-valued neutrosophic (SVN) sets are utilized for calculation. In the second approach, criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC)-based on reference-based normalization processes is employed for criteria weighting. Subsequently, the results of the two criterion weightings are combined to calculate the final criterion weights. The SVN reference-based normalization alternative ranking (RBNAR) method is presented for ranking companies based on their financial performance. Thus, SVN-CIMAS-CRITIC-RBNAR is developed and its algorithm is presented. The novel hybrid decision support model is applied to a case study of technology companies traded on the Borsa Istanbul. The research results support the applicability of the SVN-CIMAS-CRITIC-RBNAR hybrid method. The results of the case study and sensitivity analyses affirm the applicability and robustness of the SVN-CIMAS-CRITIC-RBNAR hybrid model. The research provides detailed implications and insights for financial managers.Öğe A spherical fuzzy-based DIBR II-AROMAN model for sustainability performance benchmarking of wind energy power plants(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Kara, Karahan; Cihan Yalçın, Galip; Simic, Vladimir; Tuğrul Yıldırım, Ali; Pamucar, Dragan; Siarry, PatrickWind energy power plants (WEPPs) are renewable energy generation facilities that are increasingly used today. The performance evaluations of these energy plants are generally based on technical performance. Although there are studies in the literature focusing on determining the technical performance of WEPPs, there is a lack of research on evaluating their sustainable performance. The primary motivation of this study is to develop a decision model for identifying the sustainable performance of WEPPs. The model incorporates fuzzy logic and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approaches, incorporating expert opinions and both qualitative and quantitative criteria. To determine the influence levels of experts, spherical fuzzy (SF) sets are utilized. The weighting of criteria is achieved using the SF-defining interrelationships between ranked criteria II (DIBR II) method, which is a novel extension of the DIBR II method based on SF sets. Additionally, an SF-alternative ranking order method accounting for two-step normalization (AROMAN) method is developed for ranking the sustainable performance of WEPPs, building upon the AROMAN method, and adapting it to SF sets. This hybrid model is named the SF-DIBR II-AROMAN hybrid model. The step-by-step procedures of this model are presented in the research, and an algorithm for these procedures is developed. To demonstrate its practicality, a case study is conducted, focusing on WEPPs with a capacity ranging from 25 to 150 megawatts in Çanakkale, Turkey. According to the research results, among the fifteen WEPPs in the Çanakkale region, “Saros WEPP” is identified as having the best one. The robustness of the obtained results is ensured through sensitivity analyses. Based on the results of two sensitivity analysis scenarios, “Saros WEPP” is found to have the highest sustainable performance. The SF-DIBR II-AROMAN hybrid model results are compared with different alternative ranking method results, highlighting its superior aspects. Overall, SF-DIBR II-AROMAN is consistent and robust. The research also provides insights and managerial implications, as well as explains the benefits of the proposed model for evaluating WEPPs’ sustainable performance.Öğe Strategic analysis of e-trade platforms in automotive spare part sector: A T-Spherical fuzzy perspective(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Görçün, Ömer Faruk; Chatterjee, Prasenjit; Aytekin, Ahmet; Korucuk, Selçuk; Pamucar, DraganE-trade platforms are software applications that enable businesses to conduct online sales and manage their digital storefronts. These platforms provide a range of tools and features to facilitate the creation, operation, and management of an online business. This study comprehensively evaluates e-trade platforms within the automotive spare parts industry, examining various critical aspects to identify the optimal platform. The evaluation includes an in-depth analysis of the current state of the platforms, exploration of potential strategies and approaches for improvement, and identification and analysis of challenges and barriers. To address these issues, the study employs problem-solving within the framework of expert evaluations based on criteria defined by an extensive literature review. T-Spherical fuzzy (T-SF) subjective weighting approach and T-SF-weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) method are used for this purpose. The analysis reveals that “security” is the most crucial criterion, with Amazon emerging as the most prominent e-trade platform. The findings indicate that prioritizing security, discounts, and delivery time will enable e-commerce platforms to gain a competitive edge. The study evaluates international e-commerce platforms, identifying weaknesses in critical business areas key competitive advantage factors, and offering forward-thinking recommendations. This research has significant implications for the rapid and effective development of logistical partnerships with e-trade platforms across various industries. Additionally, it serves as a foundational basis and template for future research in the e-commerce sector, particularly within the automotive spare parts industry.Öğe A type-2 neutrosophic entropy-based group decision analytics model for sustainable aquaculture engineering(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Kara, Karahan; Yalçın, Galip Cihan; Simic, Vladimir; Erbay, Murat; Pamucar, DraganFish cages are crucial for the establishment of sustainable fish farms. The selection of fish cages is an essential subject to be examined for ensuring sustainability. This research introduces an advanced decision support model for the selection of fish cage types used in fish farming in reservoirs (R-FFs). The decision support model is based on multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach and utilizes type-2 neutrosophic numbers (T2NNs). The importance levels of criteria are determined using the T2NN-Entropy method, and the ranking of fish cage types is achieved through the alternative ranking order method accounting for two-step normalization (AROMAN). The developed model is referred to as the T2NN-Entropy-AROMAN hybrid method and relies on expert opinions. Two advanced aggregation operators based on Yager t-norm and t-conorm operations, named T2NN Yager weighted arithmetic mean and T2NN Yager weighted geometric mean, are developed for aggregating T2NNs. The validity of these two aggregation operators is demonstrated. A real-life case study is developed to confirm the applicability of the T2NN-Entropy-AROMAN hybrid method. This case study focuses on the selection of fish cage types for the Artvin-Borçka R–FF in Artvin province, Turkey. The research results indicate that floating cages are the best alternative type for sustainable fish farming. Sensitivity analysis scenarios confirm the robustness of the research model and findings. The research findings, coupled with the developed model, offer valuable insights and guidance to decision-makers, researchers, and practitioners within the sector.
