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    Innovative remote sensing methodologies and applications in coastal and marine environments
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Zhao, Qing; Pepe, Antonio; Zamparelli, Virginia; Mastro, Pietro; Falabella, Francesco; Abdikan, Saygin; Bayik, Çaglar; Balik Sanli, Fusun; Üstüner, Mustafa; Avşar, Nevin Betül; Wang, Jingjing; Chen, Peng
    Remote sensing (RS) technologies are extensively exploited by scientists and a vast audience of local authorities, urban managers, and city planners. Coastal regions, geohazard-prone areas, and highly populated cities represent natural laboratories to apply RS technologies and test new methods. Over the last decades, many efforts have been spent on improving Earth’s surface monitoring, including intensifying Earth Observation (EO) operations by the major national space agencies. They oversee to plan and make operational constellations of satellite sensors providing the scientific community with extensive research and development opportunities in the geoscience field. For instance, within this framework, the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MOST) have sponsored, since the early 2000s, the DRAGON initiative jointly carried out by the European and Chinese RS scientific communities. This manuscript aims to provide a synthetic overview of some research activities and new methods recently designed and applied and trace the route for further developments. The main findings are related to i) the analysis of flood risk in China, ii) the potential of new methods for the estimation and removal of ground displacement biases in small-baseline oriented interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) methods, iii) the analysis of the inundation risk in low-lying regions using coherent and incoherent SAR methods; and iv) the use of SAR-based technologies for marine applications.
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    A statistical approach for the integration of multi-temporal InSAR and GNSS-PPP ground deformation measurements
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Delen, Ahmet; Balık Şanlı, Fusun; Abdikan, Saygın; Doğan, Ali Hasan; Durdağ, Utkan Mustafa; Öcalan, Taylan; Erdoğan, Bahattin; Calò, Fabiana; Pepe, Antonio
    Determining and monitoring ground deformations is critical for hazard management studies, especially in megacities, and these studies might help prevent future disaster conditions and save many lives. In recent years, the Golden Horn, located in the southeast of the European part of Istanbul within a UNESCO-protected region, has experienced significant changes and regional deformations linked to rapid population growth, infrastructure work, and tramway construction. In this study, we used Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) techniques to investigate the ground deformations along the Golden Horn coastlines. The investigated periods are between 2015 and 2020 and 2017 and 2020 for InSAR and GNSS, respectively. For the InSAR analyses, we used sequences of multi-temporal synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images collected by the Sentinel-1 and ALOS-2 satellites. The ground displacement products (i.e., time series and velocity maps) were then cross-compared with those achievable using the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) technique for the GNSS solutions, which can provide precise positions with a single receiver. In the proposed analysis, we compared the ground displacement velocities obtained by both methods by computing the standard deviations of the difference between the relevant observations considering a weighted least square estimation procedure. Additionally, we identified five circle buffers with different radii ranging between 50 m and 250 m for selecting the most appropriate coherent points to conduct the cross-comparison analysis. Moreover, a vertical displacement rate map was produced. The comparison of the vertical ground velocities derived from PPP and InSAR demonstrates that the PPP technique is valuable. For the coherent stations, the vertical displacement rates vary between ?4.86 mm/yr and ?23.58 mm/yr and ?9.50 and ?27.77 mm/yr for InSAR and GNSS, respectively.