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Öğe Application of mineral-based amendments for enhancing phytostabilization in lolium perenne L. cultivation(Wiley, 2018) Radziemska, Maja; Bilgin, Ayla; Vaverkova, Magdalena D.An experimental investigation is conducted to explore the suitability of Lolium perenne L., diatomite, chalcedonite, dolomite, and limestone for the phytostabilization of Ni and Cu in contaminated soil. A controlled greenhouse study is conducted. The soil is enriched with rising dose of Cu and Ni, that is, (0, 150, 250, and 350 mg kg(-1)) and (0, 150, 300, and 450 mg kg(-1)), respectively. The phytostabilization potential of perennial ryegrass is evaluated using a bioaccumulation coefficient and translocation factor. Pseudo-total and available metal content (0.01M CaCl2) in soils and bioaccumulated content in plants are defined in laboratory experiments using spectrophotometry experimental technique. L. perenne is adequate in phytostabilization aided programs, simultaneously, diatomite, chalcedonite, dolomite, and limestone used as modifiers are effective in reducing the accessibility and mobility of metals in Cu-and Ni-polluted soils. The finding of the present study suggests that the studied element in the roots and above-ground parts of L. perenne differs significantly upon applying mineral-based modifications to the soil, synchronously the effect of increasing Cu and Ni levels. Application of dolomite and limestone to the soil cause the highest percentage of the above-ground biomass. Diatomite along with limestone cause a significant boost of Cu and Ni absorption in the roots. Limestone causes an increase in the contents of K, Na, and Ca, as well as a reduction in P in the above-ground parts of L. perenne. Limestone and chalcedonite leads to the highest decrease in available Cu and Ni.Öğe Assessment of the effect of reactive materials on the content of selected elements in Indian mustard grown in Cu-contaminated soils(Institute for Land Reclamation and Grassland Farming, 2016) Radziemska, Maja; Jeznach, Jerzy; Mazur, Zbigniew; Fronczyk, Joanna; Bilgin, AylaZero-valent iron (ZVI) represent a promising agent for environmental remediation. The research was aimed to determine the influence of copper in doses of 0, 80, 150, 300, and 600 mg Cu·kg-1 of soil as well as ZVI, and lignite additives on the content of macroelements in the Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.). The average accumulation of analyzing elements in Indian mustard grown in copper contaminated soil were found to follow the decreasing order Mg > Na > P > Ca > K > N. Soil contamination at 600 mg Cu·kg-1 of soil led to the highest increase in P, Mg, N, and Ca content. The application of ZVI had a positive influence on the average phosphorus and potassium content of Indian mustard. Moreover, the application of ZVI and lignite had a positive influence on the average Mg and Ca content in the above-ground parts of Indian mustard. From the analyzed reactive materials, the application of lignite was shown to be the most effective resulting in the decrease in the average nitrogen and calcium content when compared to the control crop. Calcium content in plants from the control group, without the addition of zero-valent iron, and powered lignite (control), was positively correlated with increasing doses of copper.Öğe Concept of aided phytostabilization of contaminated soils in postindustrial areas(MDPI, 2018) Radziemska, Maja; Koda, Eugeniusz; Bilgin, Ayla; Vaverkova, Mgdalena D.The experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the effects of trace element immobilizing soil amendments, i.e., chalcedonite, dolomite, halloysite, and diatomite on the chemical characteristics of soil contaminated with Cr and the uptake of metals by plants. The study utilized analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA) and Factor Analysis (FA). The content of trace elements in plants, pseudo-total and extracted by 0.01 M CaCl2, were determined using the method of spectrophotometry. All of the investigated element contents in the tested parts of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) differed significantly in the case of applying amendments to the soil, as well as Cr contamination. The greatest average above-ground biomass was observed when halloysite and dolomite were amended to the soil. Halloysite caused significant increases of Cr concentrations in the roots. The obtained values of bioconcentration and translocation factors observed for halloysite treatment indicate the effectiveness of using Indian mustard in phytostabilization techniques. The addition of diatomite significantly increased soil pH. Halloysite and chalcedonite were shown to be the most effective and decreased the average Cr, Cu and Zn contents in soil.Öğe Immobilization of potentially toxic elements (PTE) by mineral-based amendments: Remediation of contaminated soils in post-industrial sites(MDPI AG, 2020) Radziemska, Maja; Bȩś, Agnieszka; Gusiatin, Zygmunt Mariusz; Majewski, Grzegorz; Mazur, Zbigniew; Bilgin, Ayla; Jaskulska, Iwona; Brtnicky, MartinIn many post-industrial sites, the high contents and high mobility of different potentially toxic elements (PTEs) make the soils unsuitable for effective management and use. Therefore, immobilization of PTE seems to be the best remediation option for such areas. In the present study, soil samples were collected in post-industrial areas in Northeastern Poland. The analyzed soil was characterized by especially high contents of Cd (22 mg·kg?1), Pb (13 540 mg·kg?1), and Zn (8433 mg·kg?1). Yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) and two types of mineral-based amendments were used to determine their combined remediation effect on PTE immobilization. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of chalcedonite and halloysite on plant growth, chlorophyll a fluorescence, the leaf greenness index (SPAD), PTE uptake, and the physicochemical properties and toxicity of soil. The application of chalcedonite resulted in the greatest increase in soil pH, whereas halloysite contributed to the greatest reduction in the contents of Ni, Pb, Zn, and Cr in soil, compared with the control treatment. The addition of halloysite significantly increased plant biomass. The application of mineral-based amendments increased the ratio of variable fluorescence to maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) in yellow lupine leaves. The leaf greenness index was highest in plants growing in soil amended with chalcedonite. The results of this study suggest that mineral-based amendments combined with yellow lupine could potentially be used for aided phytostabilization of multi-PTE contaminated soil in a post-industrial area.Öğe Nanoporous zeolite and its effect on the immobilization of trace elements in soils from scrap landfills under aided phytostabilization(Wiley Online Library, 2022) Radziemska, Maja; Blazejczyk, Aurelia; Gusiatin, Mariusz Z.; Cydzik-Kwiatkowska, Agnieszka; Majewski, Grzegorz; Bilgin, AylaThe rising prerequisite for developing novel green remediation methods for trace-ele-ment-contaminated lands is allied to the necessity to really mend the soil environs.The effectiveness of zeolite-aided phytostabilization (AP) of soil contaminated withtrace elements (TEs), from a scrap yard, usingLolium perenneas the plant for testing,was determined and discussed. The variability and activity of the rhizospheric bacte-rial community were also examined. The initial soil used in the AP experiment wascharacterized by especially high total contents of Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd. The TE totalcontents in roots and aboveground parts ofL. perenneas well as in the phytostabil-ized soil materials were analyzed with flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Thestudy revealed that the addition of natural zeolite into TE-contaminated soilincreased the relative plant biomass as well as the soil pH value as compared to thephytostabilized non-amended series, whereas the total contents (with respect to anabsolute value) of Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd were generally higher in roots than in theaboveground parts ofL. perenne. In particular, the incorporation of zeolite to the soilcontributed most significantly to the considerable relative decrease in the total con-tents of Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn in the soil, as well as the content of bioavailable and leach-able speciations of Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb extracted from the soil using CaCl2solution ascompared to the non-amended series. In the phytostabilized zeolite-amended soil,the overall bacterial diversity decreased but the presence of zeolite favoured thegrowth of microorganisms belonging toGammaproteobacteria,Planctomycetia, andThermomicrobia, in particular, the generaMycobacterium,Williamsia, andProchlorococcusÖğe Potential of using immobilizing agents in aided phytostabilization on simulated contamination of soil with lead(Elsevier Science BV, 2017) Radziemska, Maja; Gusiatin, Z. M.; Bilgin, AylaLead (Pb) is one of the key heavy metals which have a significant influence on the individual components of the natural environment. A glasshouse pot experiment was designed to evaluate the potential use of different amendments as immobilizing agents in the aided phytostabilization of Pb-contaminated soil, using Lolium perenne L The research aimed to determine the influence of Pb in doses of 0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of soil, as well as diatomite, chalcedonite, dolomite, limestone, and activated carbon amendments on the content of trace elements in the above-ground parts and roots of L. perenne. The study utilised analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA) and Factor Analysis (FA). The content of trace elements in plants, pseudo-total and extracted by 0.01 M CaCl2, were determined using the method of spectrophotometry. All of the investigated element contents in the tested parts of L perenne were significantly different in the case of applying reactive amendments to the soil, as well as increasing concentrations of Pb. The greatest average above-ground biomass was observed when diatomite and chalcedonite were amended into the soil. Activated carbon, limestone and chalcedonite caused significant increases of Pb concentrations in the roots.Öğe Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in urea solution in laboratory tests and field experiments with crops and vegetables(MDPI, 2022) Jaskulski, Dariusz; Jaskulska, Iwona; Majewska, Joanna; Radziemska, Maja; Bilgin, Ayla; Brtnicky, MartinNanotechnology and nanomaterials, including silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), are increas-ingly important in modern science, economics, and agriculture. Their biological activity involvesinfluencing plant health, physiological processes, growth, and yields, although they can also be toxicin the environment. A new fertiliser was made based on a urea solution with a relatively low contentof AgNPs obtained by the reduction of silver nitrate V. Laboratory tests were used to assess theeffect of a fertiliser solution containing 10 ppm AgNPs on the germination of agricultural plant seeds(barley, peas, oilseed rape) and vegetables (radish, cucumber, lettuce) and its foliar application onchlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, and seedling biomass. Field experiments were conductedto assess the effect that a foliar application of 15 ppm AgNPs in working liquid had on physiologicalplant parameters and yields of rape and cucumber. The AgNPs in the tested fertiliser reducedinfestation of the germinating seeds by pathogens and positively affected the physiological processes,productivity, and yields of plants. Plant response depended on plant species and habitat conditions.Reduced pathogen infestation of seeds, higher germination energy, increased chlorophyll content andstomatal conductance, and higher seedling masses all occurred under the influence of AgNPs, mainlyin oilseed rape and cucumber, and especially under thermal stress. The beneficial effect of AgNPson the yield of these plants occurred in years of unfavourable weather conditions. The positiveagricultural test results, especially under stress conditions, indicate that fertiliser produced withAgNPs as an ingredient may reduce the use of pesticides and highly concentrated mineral fertilisers.Such a fertiliser is fully in line with the idea of sustainable agriculture. However, research on theeffects that AgNPs and fertiliser have on the environment and humans should continue.Öğe Successful outcome of phytostabilization in Cr(VI) contaminated soils amended with alkalizing additives(MDPI AG, 2020) Radziemska, Maja; Bes, Agnieszka; Zygmunt M., Gusiatin; Sikorski, Lukasz; Brtnicky, Martin; Majewski, Grzegorz; Liniauskiene, Ernesta; Pecina, Vaclav; Datta, Rahul; Bilgin, Ayla; Mazur, ZbigniewThis study analysed the effect of three alkalizing soil amendments (limestone, dolomite chalcedonite) on aided phytostabilization with Festuca rubra L. depending on the hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) level in contaminated soil. Four different levels of Cr(VI) were added to the soil (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg). The Cr contents in the plant roots and above-ground parts and the soil (total and extracted Cr by 0.01 M CaCl2) were determined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The phytotoxicity of the soil was also determined. Soil amended with chalcedonite significantly increased F. rubra biomass. Chalcedonite and limestone favored a considerable accumulation of Cr in the roots. The application of dolomite and limestone to soil contaminated with Cr(VI) contributed to a significant increase in pH values and was found to be the most effective in reducing total Cr and CaCl2-extracted Cr contents from the soil. F. rubra in combination with a chalcedonite amendment appears to be a promising solution for phytostabilization of Cr(VI)-contaminated areas. The use of this model can contribute to reducing human exposure to Cr(VI) and its associated health risks. © 2020 by the authors.
