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    High-fructose in drinking water initiates activation of inflammatory cytokines and testicular degeneration in rat
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2019) Yıldırım, Onur Gökhan; Sumlu, Esra; Aslan, Esra; Koca, Halit Buğra; Pektaş, Mehmet Bilgehan; Sadi, Gökhan; Akar, Fatma
    The increased consumption of high-fructose in diet may contribute to high prevalence of metabolicsyndrome in the world. The influence of high-fructose diet on male reproductive system has beenpoorly documented. In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary high-fructose on the expres-sion of inflammatory cytokines in association with certain testicular proteins and sex hormones in thetestis of rats. Fructose was given to the rats as 20% solution (7.8 mg/kg) in drinking water for15 weeks. Dietary high-fructose caused testicular degeneration, also decreased testicular concentrationof testosterone and right testis absolute weight. This dietary intervention increasediNOSandTNF-amRNAs as well as iNOS, NF-jB, and p-NF-jbproteins, but decreasedIL-10andIL-6mRNAs expressions,in testicular samples of rats. Moreover, testicular TNF-a, IL-1b, and iNOS and plasma IL-1blevels weresignificantly increased in rats fed with fructose. A marked increase in the expression level of IGF-1Rprotein was considered in testicular tissue of fructose-treated rats. The expression intensities of c-kit,claudin-1, and pan-cadherin were comparable in seminiferous tubules of control and fructose-treatedrats. In conclusion, high-fructose intake of rats leads to activation of inflammatory cytokines, which isaccompanied by testicular degeneration. These changes could be responsible for hormonal dysfunc-tion with low intra-testicular testosterone level, which could be relevant to male infertility.
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    Lactobacillus helveticus and Lactobacillus plantarum modulate renal antioxidant status in a rat model of fructose-induced metabolic syndrome
    (Inst Bioloska Istrazivanja Sinisa Stankovic, 2019) Korkmaz, Ömer Adil; Sadi, Gökhan; Kocabaş, Aytaç; Yıldırım, Onur Gökhan; Sumlu, Esra; Koca, Halit Buğra; Nalbantoğlu, Barbaros; Pektaş, Mehmet Bilgehan; Akar, Fatma
    High dietary fructose intake causes a metabolic disorder and augments the risk of chronic kidney disease most likely due to oxidative stress. Probiotics could have antioxidant, antiinflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. The present study examined the influence of Lactobacillus helveticus and Lactobacillus plantarum supplementation on dietary fructose-induced metabolic changes and renal antioxidant/oxidant status of rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups as follows: control; fructose; fructose plus L. helveticus; fructose plus L. plantarum. Fructose was given to the rats as a 20% solution in drinking water for 15 weeks. The probiotic supplementation was applied by gastric gavage once a day for six weeks. Several metabolic parameters in the plasma, gene and protein expressions of the main antioxidant enzymes in renal tissues of rats were measured. Dietary fructose-induced elevations in plasma insulin, triglyceride, VLDL, creatinine as well as renal urea levels were alleviated after treatment with L. helveticus and L. plantarum. Moreover, L. helveticus and L. plantarum supplementation recovered the changes in renal protein expression level of SOD1, SOD2 and CAT. In conclusion, supplementation with L. helveticus and L. plantarum has an improving effect on specific metabolic parameters and renal antioxidative enzymes in a fructose-induced metabolic disorder.