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    Dynamic characteristics changes of masonry arches exposed to elevated temperature
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Altunışık, Ahmet Can; Öztürk, Muhammed Mustafa; Genç, Ali Fuat; Günaydın, Murat; Kaya, Ali; Akbulut, Yunus Emrahan; Sunca, Fezayil
    In this study, the changes in the dynamic characteristics of masonry arches exposed to elevated temperatures were investigated experimentally and numerically. Firstly, the material properties were analyzed at different temperatures, ranging from 200°C to 800°C, through experimental tests. The constructed arch specimens were then subjected to heat to investigate the effects of elevated temperatures on their dynamic characteristics. Ambient vibration tests were performed before and after heating to identify natural frequencies and mode shapes. Furthermore, numerical models of the arches were developed, and a model updating procedure was implemented to minimize the differences between the numerical and experimental data. The findings indicated that elevated temperatures led to notable decreases in the compressive strengths of both the stone and the mortar. This decrease significantly degraded the stiffness of the masonry arch samples, consequently having a profound effect on their dynamic properties.
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    Estimating fundamental frequency of masonry arches under elevated temperature: Numerical analysis and validation using ambient vibration tests
    (Springer Nature, 2024) Altunışık, Ahmet Can; Öztürk, Muhammed Mustafa; Genç, Ali Fuat; Kaya, Ali; Akbulut, Yunus Emrahan; Sunca, Fezayil; Gunaydin, Murat
    In this study, the changing of dynamic characteristics of masonry arches at varying geometric parameters and temperature histories was investigated through a combination of experimental and numerical methods. First, the dynamic characteristics of laboratory-built arch models were determined both pre- and post-high-temperature test using ambient vibration testing. Then, the finite element (FE) models of the arches were developed for both, allowing for dynamic characteristics to be assessed numerically. To refine the accuracy of numerical models, FE analyses were adjusted based on experimental data. These updated FE models were used to investigate the dynamic characteristics of arches with different spans, heights, widths, and thicknesses under different temperature history scenarios. Finally, utilizing the data repository obtained, formulation and graphs/charts, providing valuable insights into the dynamic response of masonry arches under fire conditions, were developed and presented for practical application. The experimental study revealed that the natural frequencies of arches decreased by 55% with increasing temperature exposure.
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    Experimental investigation on story-to-column pounding between RC buildings via shake table tests
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Sunca, Fezayil; Altunışık, Ahmet Can; Kaya, Ali; Genç, Ali Fuat; Şahin, Muhammed Cihat; Karahasan, Algıhan Kaşif; Şen, Doğa
    This study experimentally investigated the effects of story-to-column poundings between adjacent RC buildings through shake table tests. Two scenarios were considered: (i) without pounding and (ii) with story-to-column pounding. The tests were conducted on two 1/2 scaled 2-story RC frames, employing natural ground motion records. The accelerations, displacements, IDRs, and modal parameters of the test specimens were comparatively investigated. The experimental results revealed that pounding significantly influenced structural responses, causing severe shear damage in the columns of the test specimen due to story-to-column collisions. Pounding represented a critical loading condition, inducing abrupt spikes in acceleration responses and resulting in damage. Moreover, pounding caused decreases in displacement responses but led to abrupt increases in base shear forces. This resulted in irregular and asymmetrical hysteresis loops, indicating varying energy distribution in the pounding direction due to repeated impacts. The modal parameters also changed significantly due to the impact, and the changes were observed earlier and more pronounced in the test specimen subjected to pounding.
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    Post-earthquake damage assessments of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings by shake table test and numerical visualization
    (Elsevier, 2023) Kaya, Ali; Adanur, Süleyman; Bello, Ridwan Adebayo; Genç, Ali Fuat; Okur, Fatih Yesevi; Sunca, Fezayil; Sevim, Barış
    Masonry structures are one of the structures most affected by earthquakes. In addition, since masonry structures constitute a large part of the building inventory, it is important to determine the dynamic characteristics of these structures. The present study is aimed to evaluate the seismic performance of a half-scale hollow brick unreinforced masonry (URM) building considering different damage states. Shake table test was conducted with seven loading conditions. In order to obtain different damage states, seismic excitations were applied incrementally to structure. After each loading, the damage conditions and the corresponding damage patterns were examined comparatively, and the structure collapsed in the last loading condition. To experimentally observe the damage, the modal parameters for un-damaged and damaged situations of the building were identified by ambient vibration tests performed before and after the seismic loadings. The experimental results obtained were then compared with the analyses made in numerical softwares, and similar results were obtained.
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    Shake table tests on story-to-story pounding between adjacent RC buildings
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Sunca, Fezayil; Altunışık, Ahmet Can; Kaya, Ali; Genç, Ali Fuat; Şahi̇n, Muhammed Cihat; Karahasan, Algıhan Kaşif
    Pounding between adjacent buildings and their devastating effects have been frequently reported during numerous major earthquakes. Although poundings exhibit more destructive effects on RC buildings compared to steel buildings, the majority of previous experimental studies have mainly concentrated on steel specimens. Furthermore, there has been a notable scarcity of extensive large-scale experimental studies on this subject. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to experimentally determine the effects of different types of pounding on the seismic responses of RC buildings. To this aim, three half-scaled two-story RC specimens were constructed and were tested. In the tests, three cases were considered: (i) without pounding, (ii) pounding between taller and shorter buildings (slab-to-slab interaction at one floor), and (iii) pounding between buildings with equal heights (slab-to-slab interaction at the two floors). The experimental results showed that pounding and its types played a critical role in structural responses such as floor accelerations, displacements, hysteretic responses, and dynamic characteristics. Additionally, each pounding type led to different damage mechanisms in the specimens.
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    Structural response of half-scale pumice concrete masonry building: Shake table/ambient vibration tests and FE analysis
    (Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Kaya, Ali; Roudane, Boudjamaa; Adanur, Süleyman; Sunca, Fezayil; Genç, Ali Fuat; Gunaydin, Murat; Altunışık, Ahmet Can
    Seismic performance evaluation of masonry structures is of paramount importance for ensuring the safety and resilience of buildings in earthquake-prone regions. There are limited number of studies on pumice elements in the literature. In addition, there are almost no studies investigating the earthquake behavior of pumice masonry building as a whole structure. In this context, a comprehensive understanding of their seismic response and dynamic characteristics has been lacking. To address this knowledge gap, a shake-table experimental campaign was undertaken, wherein half-scale pumice masonry building was exposed to simulated seismic forces. To enhance the experimental findings, numerical simulations were performed to confirm and expand our comprehension of how the pumice masonry structure responds to dynamic forces. Integrating both experimental and numerical outcomes provides a holistic understanding of how pumice masonry buildings behave during seismic events. At the end of the experimental study, the frequency values of the pumice model were observed to decrease up to 23.5% in the modes compared to the undamaged state. In the numerical model, this value decreases up to 19.85%. For the undamaged and damaged model, the first three experimental mode shapes were similar to the numerical mode shapes. Both experimental and numerical results show that the expected damages occur in the same regions. These results show that nonlinear FE models can be helpful in determining potential damage model locations. The findings have implications for the seismic design and retrofitting of similar traditional masonry buildings, facilitating the development of resilient and sustainable engineering solutions in seismic-prone regions.