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    The effects of bioincising by Physisporinus vitreus on cuo retention and copper element leaching in oriental spruce wood
    (UNIV BIO-BIO, 2022) Bakır, Davut; Kartal, Saip Nami; Terzi, Evren; Doğu, Ayşe Dilek
    Since the treatability of Oriental spruce wood (Picea orientalis) with preservative solutions is difficult and considered as a refractory wood species, this study was intended to bring its treatability class by a bioincising process to the level of sapwood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), a desirable wood species for the forest products industry. Bioincising process by Physisporinus vitreus fungus was applied to wood samples from sapwood and heartwood portions of spruce wood. The samples with two different weight loss groups (5-10 % and 10-15 %) in the bioincising process were used to detect changes in treatability with wood preservative solutions caused by the fungus. The bioincised and unincised control samples were treated with either micronized copper quat (MCQ) or alkaline copper quat type D (ACQ-D) wood preservative solutions by either dipping or vacuum methods. Following impregnation with the preservative solutions, the effects of the bioincising process on CuO (copper oxide) retention, and the leaching of Cu (copper) element were determined. The results showed that CuO retention levels increased after the bioincising process. Moreover, there was greater CuO retention in the spruce heartwood samples compared to the spruce and Scots pine sapwood samples. Amount of Cu element released from the Scots pine sapwood samples was found to be lower than that from the spruce sapwood and heartwood samples after the bioincising. process. The results suggest that the bioincising process by P. vitreus in refractory wood species might improve the treatability of wood by Cu-based wood preservatives.
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    Evaluation of boron distribution from preservative pastes made from ulexite, copper and fluoride in Scots pine wood
    (Springer, 2022) Kartal, Saip Nami; Terzi, Evren; Soytürk, Ekim Elçin; Bakır, Davut; Köse, Coşkun
    Boron diffusion from preservative pastes made of either ulexite or copper or fluoride compounds was evaluated. The pastes produced were applied to sapwood blocks prepared from Scots pine and conditioned to target moisture contents (MCs) of 30%, 60%, and 90%. The pastes were inserted into the treatment holes in the wood blocks and boron diffusion was determined at three assay zones across the blocks after 7-day, 30-day, 90-day, and 180-day-incubition period at room temperature. Ethylene glycol was also added in some of the paste formulations to improve boron diffusion. In general, boron diffusion from the pastes was improved with increased MC of wood. No steady amount gradients with distance away from the treatment hole were observed for the amount of boron diffusion in the assay zones; however, there were few exceptions. Amount of boron from the pastes with ulexite in wood exceeded well 0.1% boric acid equivalent (BAE) boron threshold in most assay zones and incubation times. Expectedly, boron diffusion from the pastes with ulexite was significantly lower than those from the pastes with borax + copper because of higher water solubility of borax than that of ulexite. The ulexite-based preservative pastes may be useful particularly when wood is kept at high MCs at extended periods.
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    Evaluation of pit dimensions and uptake of preservative solutions in wood after permeability improvement by bioincising
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2021) Bakır, Davut; Doğu, Dilek; Kartal, S. Nami; Terzi, Evren
    Bioincising is a biotechnological process to improve the permeability of wood by biological organisms. In recent years, there has been a great interest to determine the changes in the anatomical structure of wood as a result of bioincising process. In this study, the effects of bioincising by Physisporinus vitreus on the pit structure and permeability of Picea orientalis L. sapwood and heartwood were studied. Bioincised and non-bioincised samples were then treated with micronized copper quaternary and Celcure AC-500 wood preservatives by either dipping or vacuum method. The copper distribution and amount of copper retained in treated wood were evaluated by SEM-EDX and ICP-OES, respectively. The area of copper fixation in treated wood was also measured by the ArcGIS software package. The effects of P. vitreus activity were examined in the wood microstructure after bioincising by light microscope and SEM analyses on radial sections. After the bioincising, a significant increase was observed in the uptake of wood preservatives by vacuum, particularly in heartwood. The measurements on bordered pit, crossfield pit, and ray tracheid bordered pit dimensions in the microstructure of wood indicated that the degradation of pits was the most important factor in improved penetration and uptake of preservative solutions employed.