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    Changes in surface and mechanical properties of heat treated wood during natural weathering
    (Elsevier SCI LTD, 2014) Tomak, Eylem D.; Ustaömer, Derya; Yıldız, Sibel; Peşman, Emrah
    In this study, it was aimed to investigate the changes in moisture content, color, surface roughness, compression strength parallel to grain, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of heat treated ash, iroko, Scots pine and spruce wood species during natural weathering for two years. Samples were removed at 6-month intervals for performance evaluation, and test results were compared with the controls. Moisture content of heat treated samples was found to be lower than that of control samples for all exposure periods. Heat treatment significantly changed original wood color as well as weathering factors. Wood surfaces become rougher within longer weathering exposure period. Natural weathering factors caused a decrease for all strength properties. Reduction rate for strength properties of heat treated samples was relatively lower than that of control samples. Heat treatment also seemed to improve color stability and surface quality of samples after weathering.
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    The effect of some wood preservatives on the thermal degradation of Scots pine
    (Elsevier, 2012) Tomak, Eylem D.; Baysal, Ergün; Peker, Hüseyin
    Wood has been a structural material for many years; however, its ability to burn has limited its use in some applications. This study aims to evaluate the effect of commercial wood preservatives having concentration of 4% on the thermal behavior of Scots pine wood, and compare the fire retardant effectiveness of these preservatives with that of boron compounds. Thermal degradation of treated and untreated wood samples was evaluated by thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermogravimetry (DTG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Thermal behavior of treated wood differed from thermal behavior of untreated wood in terms of a high char yield. Results showed that weight loss of wood reduced while char yield increased in the charring phase of the pyrolysis in the boron containing preservative treated wood accompanying with pyrolysis temperature lowered. The highest char yield was obtained from the samples treated with disodium octaborate tetrahydrate in the all treated groups.
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    Surface properties of bamboo and scots pıne impregnated with boron and copper based wood preservatives after accelerated weathering
    (Univ Bio- Bio, 2016) Baysal, Ergün; Tomak, Eylem D.; Topaloğlu, Elif; Peşman, Emrah
    In this study, we investigated the color, gloss and surface roughness of bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusoides) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) samples impregnated with boron and copper based preservatives during accelerated weathering from 168 h to 672 h. Tanalith-E, ACQ, wolmanit-CB were used as copper-based chemicals, while a mixture of boric acid and borax (7:3; w/w) was used as the boron compound. Results showed that retention values of bamboo samples were lower than the retention values of Scots pine samples probably due to the bamboo’s anatomical structure and penetration characteristic. Bamboo surfaces became rougher and darker after impregnation and accelerated weathering compared to initial surfaces. Longer accelerated weathering periods seemed to have not a considerable effect on surface roughness of bamboo samples impregnated with copper based preservatives. Gloss of impregnated Scots pine samples increased with longer accelerated weathering period while gloss of bamboo samples decreased slightly with longer accelerated weathering period. Wolmanit-CB seemed to be most effective wood preservative for hindering color change and ensuring smooth surfaces after accelerated weathering. Color changes caused by accelerated weathering tended to be greater for impregnated bamboo samples than impregnated Scots pine samples.
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    Testing the durability of copper based preservative treated bamboos in ground-contact for six years
    (Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022) Tomak, Eylem D.; Topaloğlu, Elif; Ermeydan, Mahmut A.; Peşman, Emrah
    In this study, durability of bamboo samples in terms of the variability of location along culm height (top, middle and bottom) were evaluated in a ground-contact feld test for six years in comparison to Scots pine and beech wood samples. Bamboo and wood samples were treated with Wolmanit-CB (CCB) and Tanalith-E (Tan-E) solutions, and then were installed in a feld located in the North-West of Turkey. The decay resistance of samples was assessed by weight loss, and compared by SEM observations and FTIR analysis. Furthermore, chemical leaching from the samples was detected by ICP-OES after the test. Results showed that un-treated bamboo and wood samples had a very low durability such that weight losses were found as 64–80% for bamboo and 57–63% for wood samples. The SEM micrographs showed the characteristics decay patterns of soft-rot type I and brown-rot fungi in the parenchyma cells, vessels and fbers in vascular bundles. Fungal hyphae within the cell walls resulted in the gradual breakdown of the cell wall layers. FTIR analysis revealed the mechanism of the biodegradation, which indicates the reduction of carbohydrate content. The weight loss in CCB and Tan-E treated bamboo samples was reduced as 20–45% depending on bamboo height parts, but the wood preservatives did not ensure suffcient resistance for six years against soil degrading organisms since more than half of the chemical amount leached out from the bamboos to soil. Weight losses were well confrmed by chemical leaching rates for both CCB and Tan-E. It was observed that the lower parts of the culm were more durable, which was also in accordance with ICP-OES and SEM analysis. Copper-based preservatives seemed to be more efcient in pine and beech wood samples than bamboos since the impregnability of bamboo was much lower than that of wood.