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Öğe Eco-friendly control method against invasive pest box tree moth, (Cydalima perspectalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae))(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Tozlu, Elif; Tozlu, Göksel; Kotan, Recep; Tekiner, Nasibe; Dadaşoğlu, Fatih; Göktürk, TemelBackground: Buxus sempervirens (Boxwood) is a type of plant that has economic and cultural significance, danger of extinction due to various factors. Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), an invasive species, has an important role as a boxwood pest. The inadequacy of the pheromone trap methods recommended to control the pest or the negative effects of chemical insecticides on the environment have led to seeking alternative approaches in this regard. In this study, it was conducted to determine whether entomopathogens can be applied in pest control, the insecticidal effects of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae (FDP-8), Bacillus cereus (FD-63), Brevibacillus brevis (FD-1) and Vibrio hollisae (FD-70) bacterial strains at the concentration of 1 × 108 CFU/ml and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Cordycipitaceae) (ET 10) fungal isolate at the concentrations of 1 × 106, 1 × 107 and 1 × 108 conidia/ml were tested under controlled conditions. Results: As compared the results of the bacterial strains and fungal tested, it was determined that the best results were obtained from in the fungal isolate at the concentration of 1 × 108 conidia/ml. After 192 and 216 h. of observation, the 1 × 108 CFU/ml of bacterial strains: B. cereus FD-63, B. brevis FD-1 and V. hollisae FD-70; also, 1 × 108 conidia/ml concentration of ET 10 fungal isolate of B. bassiana control C. perspectalis caused mortality rate of 100% under laboratory conditions. Conclusion: Future studies of these microorganisms against this pest in the field, may be an important alternative method to control this pest.Öğe Effect of different liquid carriers on the shelf-life and antifungal effectiveness of trichoderma harzianum(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Kara, Yasemin Esra; Tozlu, ElifThe negative effects of plant protection chemicals on the environment and human health have led scientists to research alternative control methods. Fungi, especially Trichoderma have an important place in biological control, one of the most common alternative methods. Licensed as an agricultural product, it has been effectively used in agricultural lands. This study aimed to evaluate long-lasting carriers of the ET 4 and ET 14 Trichoderma harzianum isolates, proven effective against different pathogens in previous studies, to allow licensing for their commercial and mass production in the industry. The efficacy of ET 4 and ET 14 isolates against Alternaria solani (isolate ET 66) was initially confirmed by testing in vitro and in vivo conditions. Then, spores of the fungus isolate developed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) were transferred to five different liquid media (soybean oil, neem oil, canola oil, paraffin oil, and glycerine) prepared as the carrier formulations. They were kept at room (22??) and refrigerator (+4??) temperatures for 10 months. The viability tests of the bioagent fungus were performed by sowing into PDA from the monthly samples taken from the formulations. In addition, at the end of the tenth month, the efficacy of the bioagents was tested against the pathogenic fungus in vitro and in vivo conditions. Even though the most successful carrier was neem oil with a very intense bioagent development, the bioagent maintained its viability in all carriers even at the end of the 10th month, with percent inhibition rates varying between 37.85% and 52.33% in vitro and between 14.26% and 3.95% in vivo conditions. It was concluded that paraffin, glycerin, and especially neem oil were good carriers for the T. harzianum bioagent, that the shelf life could be extended even more with further studies, and that it could be licensed as a biopesticide after toxicological and ecotoxicological evaluations.Öğe Potential Use of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin in biological control of Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)(BÜLENT VEREP, 2025) Tekiner Aydın, Nasibe; Tozlu, Elif; Tozlu, GökselThe use of entomopathogenic fungi as biological control agents against storage pests has become an effective method to reduce postharvest losses. This study aimed to determine the insecticidal effect of Beauveria bassiana, an important entomopathogenic fungus, on Sitophilus zeamais adults, known as the most important storage pest in maize. B. bassiana ET 10 isolate prepared in three different spore suspensions (106 , 107 and 108 conidia/ml + Tween 80 (0.02%)) was applied to S. zeamais adults by the spraying method. The experiment was set up in three replicates according to the randomized plot design. For each suspension, one experimental group was set with corn grains and 10 adult S. zeamais adults, the number of dead insects was recorded every 24 hours and the data was recorded until the conclusion 264 hours. As a result of the application, mortality were observed in all suspensions from the first 24 hours, reaching 100% in the 108 conidia/ml suspension at the 144th hour. At the end of 264 hours, the mortality rates were recorded as 26.7% for 106 conidia/ml, 36.7% for 107 conidia/ml, 100% for 108 conidia/ml. The most effective dose among the application suspensions was determined to be 108 conidia/ml. It has been proven that B. bassiana ET 10 isolate can be used as a potential bioagent as an alternative in the biological control of S. zeamais and that biological control with entomopathogenic fungi can be a correct and positive strategy.Öğe Prospects of entomopathogenic bacteria and fungi for biological control of ricania simulans (walker 1851) (hemiptera: ricaniidae)(Zoological Society Of Pakistan, 2018) Göktürk, Temel; Tozlu, Elif; Kotan, RecepRicania simulans causes harm in almost all plants that grow along the Eastern Black Sea coast. The chemicals used to control this pest are prohibited in this region due to tea cultivation. For this reason, new strategies are needed to control this pest. With the awareness on the negative effects of the chemicals used in the control against pests and with the increasing awareness on environmental issues, alternative methods were sought in the past; and in this context, studies were conducted to find new methods in which fungi and bacteria were used in the biological control against pests. Totally 10 bacterial strains including 2 strains of Brevibacillus brevis (CP-1, FD-1), 1 strain of Bacillus thuringiensis (FDP-1), 2 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae (FDP-8, FDP-42), 2 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstakii (FDP-41, BAB-410), 1 strain of Bacillus subtilis (EK-7), 1 strain of Pseudomonas chlororaphis (NEM-28) and 1 strain of Bacillus sphaericus GC sub-group D (FD-49) and additionally 1 Beauveria bassiana (ET 10) fungus isolate were examined for their insecticidal activities in this study. The studied bio agents were tested by spraying on R. simulans nymphs and adults. B. thuringiensis subsp. kenyae, B. brevis and B. sphaericus GC subgroup D were the most effective on nymphs, whereas B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstakii, P. chlororaphi, and B. brevis were the most effective on adults. Under controlled conditions, mortality rate varied between 19.58%-42.08% in nymph applications, and between 6%-18% in adult applications.Öğe The investigation of the biological control of Icerya purchasi maskell, 1878 (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) with entomopathogenic fungi and bacteria(KASTAMONU UNIV, 2020) Tozlu, Elif; Tekiner, Nasibe; Tozlu, Göksel; Kotan, Recep; Çalmaşur, Önder; Göktürk, Temel; Dadaşoğlu, FatihCottony cushion scale Icerya purchasi Maskell, 1878 (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) is an important pest that inhibits the plant growth and development by sap sucking of the plants, and causes sooty mold in more than 200 plant species, especially in citrus plantation. The present study investigated the biological control of the nymphs and adult I. purchasi, which densely populates the mimosa plants (Acacia dealbata) in Artvin, Turkey. For this purpose, one fungal isolate [Beauveria bassiana (ET 10)] and eight bacterial strains [Brevibacillus brevis (CP-1), Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae (FDP-8, FDP-42), B. thuringiensis (FDP-1), B. sphaericus (FD-49), B. pumilus (TV-67C), Pseudomonas fluorescens (RK-1773) and B. atrophaeus (RK-1774)] were assessed against the nymphs and adult of I. purchasi under controlled conditions. Fungal and bacterial suspensions were sprayed onto 20 nymphs and 20 adults of I. purchasi in plastic boxes. The death rates of the nymphs and adults were recorded. The B. bassiana (ET 10) caused a death up to 100% and 80% in nymphs and adults, respectively. Moreover, P. flourescens (RK 1773) caused 90.5% death of nymphs and B. thuringiensis subsp. kenyae (FDP-42) presented 88.5% death to the nymphs of I. purchase. However, the use of the bacterial strains was not much successful against the adults, as compared to the nymphs.
