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    Innovative and sustainable use of stream water to suppress fires in protected areas: overview of the streams-2-suppress-fires project
    ([y.y.], 2013) Zaimes, George N.; Tüfekçioğlu, Mustafa; Tüfekçioğlu, Aydın; Zibtsev, Sergiy; Kaziolas, Dimitrios; Yavuz, Mehmet; Trombitsky, Ilya; Emmanouloudis, Dimitrios; Uratu, Razvan; Ghulijanyan, Andranik; Borsuk, Anatolii
    Establishing protected areas to maintain biodiversity is a priority worldwide. Protected areas can have minimal management practices that can lead to the intensive accumulation of fire fuel. Fires are major threats for all protected areas that cause irreversible damages to them or impacts that last for decades or even centuries. The impending climate change impacts will increase the potential of large fires even in regions with minimal fires in the past. The emphasis of this project is in the Black Sea region with six pilot areas in six different countries. The first action involves the establishment of a Neighborhood Network regarding fire suppression around the region. The network includes institutions that are responsible for mitigating forest fires and managing protected areas from the Black Sea region. Another important action taken is to understand the fire behavior and locating the areas with the greatest fire risk. When considering fire suppression it is essential to know the available water resources (stream water). Since fires occur during the summer, the runoff and stream flow during this period needs to be accurately predicted. Based on the fire behavior and water resources data, the number, dimensions of the reservoirs required to suppress forest fires will be estimated for the pilot areas. Finally, specialized software will provide the optimal locations of the reservoirs and the best routes for the fire vehicles to reach the reservoirs. Overall the use of innovative mechanisms will lead to the more cost-effective management that will allow the sustainable development and protection of natural protected areas.
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    Perspectives on protected area and wildfire management in the Black Sea region
    (Northeast Forestry Univ, 2020) Zaimes, George N.; Tsioras, Petros A.; Kiosses, Chrysovalantis; Tüfekçioğlu, Mustafa; Zibtsev, Sergiy; Trombitsky, Ilya; Uratu, Razvan; Gevorgyan, Luiza
    Protected areas are necessary for the conservation and enhancement of biodiversity. Wildfires are major threats to forests and other natural areas, because they may cause irreversible damages. The aim of this study was to analyze the perspective of experts (N = 284), from six countries of the Black Sea, on the current status and problems of protected areas and wildfires. Understanding their points of view could enhance future management on these issues in the region. Data collection was carried out for 9 months, using a web-based questionnaire. Wildfires were perceived as a serious problem in Turkey, Armenia and Greece but as a substantially less serious problem in Romania, Ukraine and Moldova. In Greece, Armenia, and especially Ukraine, the current designated protected areas are considered sufficient to maintain biodiversity, while in Romania, Turkey, and especially Moldova, more areas should be designated as protected. A major need in all countries (except for Turkey) is the increased use of information and communication technologies for both wildfire suppression and protected area management. Experts were divided on whether wildfire suppression and management of protected areas are interconnected. However, there is growing awareness of the adverse impacts of climate change in protected areas and the frequency of wildfires in the future. The most frequently suggested measures to alleviate these impacts were: changes in forest management and increasing public awareness for wildfire suppression, along with changes in forest management and increased staff training to enhance protected area conservation.