Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü Yayın Koleksiyonu

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Progressive collapse analysis of a reinforced concrete structure using the enhanced local resistance (ELR) method: A comparison of UFC 4-023-03 and the Turkish earthquake code (TEC 2018)
(Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Doğal Afetler Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi, 2025) Kılıçer, Saffet
Disasters cause significant damage to structural elements in the affected regions throughout the service life of buildings. This damage typically manifests as the loss of structural elements or a reduction in load-bearing capacity. Many countries conduct research and publish regulations and analytical methods to minimize such damage. One of the primary references in this context is the UFC 4-023- 03 guide, titled "Design of Buildings to Resist Progressive Collapse," issued by the United States Department of Defense. This guide addresses the phenomenon where a structure experiences element loss due to various disasters, potentially leading to progressive collapse. The guide proposes three methodologies for assessing the progressive collapse resistance of structures: the Alternative Path method (AP), the Tie Force method (TF), and the Enhanced Linear Resistance method (ELR). In developing countries such as Türkiye, there are no specific regulations addressing the progressive collapse phenomenon. As a result, structures of critical importance are constructed without such provisions. In this study, a reinforced concrete building was analysed using the Enhanced Linear Resistance method, following the UFC 4-023-03 guidelines and the Turkish Earthquake Code (TEC). The objective is to identify the differences and commonalities between the UFC and the regulatory framework in Türkiye, where structures are not explicitly designed to resist progressive collapse. At the conclusion of the study, shear demand values of structural elements and other relevant parameters were comparatively presented.
Hasta bina sendromu kavramı literatür araştırması ve çeşitli mekânların iç hava kalitelerinin karşılaştırılması
(Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi, 2018) Demirarslan, Kazım Onur; Başak, Serden
İç hava kalitesi terim olarak ele alındığında, içerisinde sıcaklık, nem, kimyasal ve diğerkirletici maddelerin özellikleriyle miktarları gibi birçok farklı faktörü kapsayan birkavram olduğu görülmektedir. Bu kavram özellikle insan yoğunluğunun fazla olduğubanka, restoran, resmi daire ve sağlık kuruluşlarındaki çevresel problemlerioluşturmaktadır. Bu tür yerlerde iç hava kalitesini bozan emisyonlarda, muhtemelolarak bulunabilecek mikrobiyolojik ve kimyasal bileşenlerin yanı sıra, klimanınçalışma hızı, sıcaklık ve nem gibi çeşitli fiziksel faktörler de büyük önem arzetmektedir. Hava kalitesi yönünden zayıf olan yerlerde baş ağrısı, yorgunluk, göz ilederide tahriş görülmekle birlikte psikolojik sorunlar gibi semptomlar hem ziyaretçihem de çalışanlarda rastlanabilmektedir. İnsanların bulundukları binalardayaşadıkları bu rahatsızlığa “Hasta Bina Sendromu” adı verilmektedir. Yapılançalışmalarda insanların rahatsızlık duydukları binalardan uzak kaldıklarında hastalıksemptomlarının tamamen veya çoğunun kaybolduğu bildirilmektedir. Literatürdebulunan çalışmalar incelendiğinde iç havada bulunan CO, CO2, O3, TUOB, HCHO, PM2.5,PM10, bakteriler, mantar sporları gibi insan sağlığını tehdit edecek kirleticilerinölçüldüğü görülmektedir. İçerisinde partikül kontrolü, hava dezenfeksiyon sistemleri,nem kontrolü, basınç ayarlama sistemleri gibi kontrol teknikleri bulunduran önlemlersayesinde bu tür çeşitli kuruluşlardaki iç hava kalitesi, teknolojiyle birlikte her geçengün iyileştirilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı dünyada ve Türkiye’de yapılan HBS ve içhavayla ilgili çalışmaların incelenerek elde edilen sonuçların neler olduğununkarşılaştırılarak ortaya konulmasıdır.
Effects of soil structure interaction on behavior of reinforced concrete structures
(Golden Light Publishing, 2018) Kılıçer, Saffet; Özgan, Korhan; Daloğlu, Ayşe
The effects of the subsoil have a very important role on the behavior of the structures. For many years, theseeffects have been neglected and the superstructure is designed without considering the soil-structureinteraction. However, earthquakes in recent years have clearly shown the importance of soil-structureinteraction on the design of the structures, and studies on soil-structure interaction have increased especiallyin the last 50 years. In this study, the effect of soil-structure interaction on behavior of reinforced concretestructures is investigated. The effect of subsoil has been taken into account using Winkler and Vlasov Modelin addition to rigid base assumption. For this purpose, an interface that allows SAP2000 and MATLAB tobe used simultaneously has been developed in MATLAB. It is observed that soil-structure interaction has asignificant effect on the column longitudinal reinforcement ratio of reinforced concrete structures.
Ülkemiz su ve topraklarından izole edilen mikroalglere üç farklı ön arıtım yöntemi uygulanarak biyogaz üretim potansiyelinin ve elde edilecek digestatın tarımsal kullanım potansiyelinin araştırılması
(TUBITAK, 2018) Yılmaz, Vedat; Altınay Perendeci, Nuriye; Ertit Taştan, Burcu; Namlı, Ayten
115Y334 numaralı projede mikrolaglere farklı ön arıtma prosesi ile metan üretimi ve kombine gübre verimi etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda Ülkemiz farklı kaynaklarından izole edilen 21 farklı tür çeşitleri uygun besiyerinde spesifik büyüme hızlarına bakılarak İzolat-1, İzolat-5 (tanımlanmamış), Anabaena variabilis, Chlorella sp., ve Phormidium animale isimli beş tür belirlenmiştir. Tanımlanmamış iki tür moleküler analizlerle, Desertifilum tharense ve Uncultured Chlorophyta olarak tanımlanmıştır. Biyokimyasal Metan Potansiyeli (BMP) deneyleri ile bu beş türün metan üretim değerleri sırsıyla 401, 320, 324, 290 ve 366 mL CH4/g UKM olarak bulunmuştur. Mikroalg üretimi için BMP değeri ve biyokütle üretim miktarı dikkate alınarak ve ayrıca literatür çalışmaları da değerlendirildiğinde Desertifilum tharense’nin ön arıtma deneylerinde kullanılmasına karar verilmiştir. Proje kapsamında mikroalge uygulanan ön arıtma prosesleri alkali H2O2 (AHP), yüksek basınç ve sıcaklık (YBS) ile NaOH destekli hidrodinamik kavitasyon (HK) arıtma prosesleridir. Her üç ön arıtmaya ait bağımsız değişkenler ve aralıkları belirlendikten sonra Design Expert® yazılımına Merkezi Kompozit Tasarım metoduna göre deney dizaynları yaptırılmış ve ortaya çıkan bağımsız değişken kombinasyonlarına göre farklı koşullarda ön arıtmalar mikroalge uygulanmıştır. Uygulanan ön arıtma proseslerinin etkinlikleri ön arıtma sonrası çözünmüş kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı, lipit değişimi ve metan potansiyelinin ölçülmesi ile değerlendirilerek optimum şartlar belirlenmiştir.
Çevre mühendisliği eğitiminde ekosistem/havza yönetimi bilincinin önemi
(Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi, 2018) Yılmaz, Vedat
Öncelikle sağlıklı içme suyu temini ve atıksuların uzaklaştırılması üzerinde yoğunlaşmış olan çevre mühendisliği pek çok farklı mühendislik disiplinin çalışma alanını bünyesinde barındırmakla birlikte, 70’li yıllardan bu yana gelinen süreçte altyapı faaliyetleri, iklim değişimi, atık yönetimi, iş ve işçi sağlığı, çevre yönetimi gibi çok geniş bir alanda mesleki çalışmalar yürütmektedir. Değişen teknolojik yaklaşımlar ve toplumsal gereksinimlere koşut olarak mühendislik uzmanlık alanları da yıllar içerisinde değişim ve dönüşüm geçirmektedir. Her türlü çevre sorunu yerel sınırların ötesinde olup, mühendislik uygulamalarının ekosisteme etkisinin bütüncül etkileşimlerini küresel ölçekte anlayabilmek gerekmektedir. Örneğin, aynı nehir havzasında birbiri ardı sıra inşa edilen büyük barajların yanı sıra onlarca nehir tipi hidroelektrik santrali projeleri de hayata geçirilmektedir. Her bir baraj ve santralin tekil çevresel riskleri dikkate alınması yeterli olmamakta, domino etkisi ile çok daha büyük küresel sorunların bir parçası olup olmayacağı modellenebilmelidir. Bu amaçla faaliyetlerin ekosistem üzerinde oluşturacağı etkilerini anlamak üzere Çevresel Etki Değerlendirmesi (ÇED), Çevresel Risk Değerlendirmesi (ÇRD) ve Yaşam Döngü Analizi (YDA) gibi araçlarla değerlendirilmesi kaçınılmazdır. Bugün ülkemizde 52 üniversitede bulunan çevre mühendisliği bölümünün 46’sında lisans eğitimi verilmekte olup, bu bölümlerde hem ders müfredatı hem de öğretim üyelerinin uzmanlık alanları çok farklılık göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla çevre yönetimi bilgi birikimi ve deneyimi aynı düzeyde olamamaktadır. Bu amaçla başta Mühendislik Eğitim Programları Değerlendirme ve Akreditasyon Derneği (MÜDEK) akreditasyon süreçlerine bu yönde ölçüt getirilmelidir. Bu çalışmada öncelikli olarak çevre sorunlarının çözümünde havza yönetiminin önemi ortaya konulmuş, ülkemizdeki çevre mühendisliği bölümlerinde verilen derslerde ekosistem/havza yönetimi bilincinin öğretilme düzeyi değerlendirilmiştir.
Yapı zemin etkileşiminin betonarme yapıların tasarımına etkisi
(Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, 2016) Özgan, Korhan; Kılıçer, Saffet; Daloğlu, Ayşe; Karakaş, Ali
Betonarme yapıların tasarımı sırasında genellikle temel zemini rijit bir ortam olarak dikkate alınarak tabanda kolonların ankastre olduğu kabulü ile yapı-zemin etkileşimi ihmal edilmektedir. Oysaki zemin, üst yapıdan aktarılan yükler altında şekil değiştiren, gerilmelere maruz kalan ve maruz kaldığı etkilere karşı tepki oluşturan bir ortamdır. Bu nedenle zemin etkileri dikkate alınmadan yapılan bir üst yapı tasarımının eksik kalabileceği söylenebilir. Bu çalışmada, yapı-zemin etkileşiminin betonarme yapıların tasarımına etkisi incelenmektedir. Bu amaçla daha önce literatürde incelenmiş olan 8 katlı bir yapı örneği dikkate alınmıştır. Yapının oturduğu zemin, rijit yapı-zemin kabulünün yanında Winkler ve Geliştirilmiş Vlasov Modelleri de kullanılarak modellenmiştir. Sayısal sonuçlar SAP2000 paket programı ile MATLAB'te kodlanan bir yazılımın eş zamanlı kullanılmasıyla elde edilmiştir. Bu sayede SAP2000 paket programına kendi içerisinde var olmayan Geliştirilmiş Vlasov Modeli ile çözüm yapma kabiliyeti kazandırılmıştır. Çözümden elde edilen periyot, taban kesme kuvveti, kolon normal kuvvetleri, kolon eğilme momentleri ve kolonların boyuna donatı oranları her bir zemin modeli için karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda yapı-zemin etkileşiminin betonarme yapıların tasarımına etkisinin ihmal edilemeyecek düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür.
The impact of weapon systems on structural damage and progressive collapse: A case study of Belgorod Oblast
(Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, 2025) Kılıçer, Saffet
Structures are exposed to unexpected loads throughout their service life nowadays. This phenomenon, referred to as progressive collapse in the literature, has attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. This study examines the effects of firearms on buildings during wartime and their relationship with progressive collapse. Conducted using the example of Belgorod Oblast, a border city in Russia, the research evaluates the destructive impacts of various types of firearms and ammunition on residential buildings, commercial buildings, and historical structures. During the data collection phase, the data obtained daily was converted into weekly data. The research provides detailed data on the frequency of structures exposed in various villages and cities in the Belgorod region to different types of attacks and the types of damage caused by these attacks. In the analysis method, damages were classified from superficial damage to complete destruction, and the cause-effect relationship between firearm types and building damage was evaluated. The findings indicate that buildings suffer significant structural deterioration due to the types of damage sustained during wartime, and progressive collapse is rarely triggered. It is suggested that future studies focus on developing new design and construction techniques to enhance the durability of buildings, especially in the façade and roof, in light of these findings. The results of the study provide valuable information that will help us better understand the effects of firearms and modern warfare technologies on progressive collapse and the impacts of firearms on buildings.
Evaluation of Turkey’s road-based greenhouse gas inventory and future projections
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025) Çetin Doğruparmak, Şenay; Demirarslan, Kazım Onur; Çavuşoğlu, Samet Volkan
As road traffic in Turkey is a significant source of emissions due to the increasing number of vehicles on the road, the goal of this study is to calculate greenhouse gas emissions from Turkey’s roads between 2010 and 2020, create an inventory, and estimate possible emissions until 2050. In the study, both greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) and co-emitting air pollutants that indirectly contribute to climate change (ammonia—NH3, nitrogen oxide—NOX, sulfur dioxide—SO2, carbon monoxide—CO, non-methane volatile organic compounds—NMVOC, and particulate matter—PM) were investigated. The study revealed that the total number of vehicles using state roads in Turkey increased by 60% between 2010 and 2020. As a result, emissions of CO2, N2O, NH3, NOX, SO2, CO, NMVOC, and PM increased by 29.6%, 24.2%, 0.5%, 19.9%, 9.9%, 18.2%, 21.5%, and 39.7%, respectively. When emissions were analyzed on a provincial basis, particular attention was drawn to provinces with high levels of urbanization. Based on forecast studies, the total number of vehicles registered for traffic will increase by 105% by 2050. Due to this increase, CO2, N2O, NH3, NOX, SO2, CO, NMVOC, and PM emissions are estimated to increase by 149.17%, 151.78%, 154.39%, 138.95%, 150.97%, 153.09%, 152.09%, and 151.47%, respectively.
Impact of anthropogenic factors on the population structure of non-fish seafood in reservoirs of Azerbaijan
(Polissia National University, 2025) Guliyeva, Farida; Guliyeva, Sanubar; Bilgin, Ayla; Guliyeva, Lala
The aim of the study was to establish the impact of anthropogenic factors on population size and structure. The article presented the results of a comprehensive empirical study aimed at assessing the influence of anthropogenic factors on the structure and abundance of shrimp (Palaemon elegans, Palaemon adspersus) and freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus, Pontastacus eichwaldi) populations in the conditions of Shamkir and Mingachevir reservoirs of Azerbaijan. In the period from June to August 2024, field surveys were conducted at sites with different degrees of pollution. The assessment included analyses of the density of individuals, age and sex composition, juvenile abundance and mortality, and spatial distribution of populations. For freshwater crayfish, the average density of Astacus leptodactylus ranged from 12 individuals/m2 (clean zones of the Shamkir reservoir) to 5 individuals/m2 (polluted zones of the Mingachevir reservoir). The number of Pontastacus eichwaldi varied from 7 to 2 individuals/m2. The share of juveniles in the population structure in clean areas reached 42% (Palaemon elegans) and 40% (Astacus leptodactylus), while in polluted areas it decreased to 15-20%. Mortality of juveniles up to 40% was recorded in sites with organic pollution. An imbalance in the sex composition was observed in areas with high levels of pollution: in Palaemon adspersus and Pontastacus eichwaldi the proportion of males exceeded 55%, while in clean areas females predominated or an equal ratio was maintained. The greatest decrease in the abundance of all species was observed in the Mingachevir reservoir – up to 60% for Pontastacus eichwaldi, which indicates the high sensitivity of the species to complex anthropogenic impact. The results showed that chemical pollution, recreational load and poaching are the determining factors of population degradation. A direct correlation between the level of anthropogenic impact and the decrease in abundance, disturbance of age and sex structure was established. Indicator indicators for monitoring the state of freshwater ecosystems were proposed. The obtained results can be used for development of monitoring programmes and ecological-restoration measures in aquatic ecosystems of Azerbaijan.
Hydrological impacts of land use and land cover changes in the Upper Kızılırmak Basin, Türkiye
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2025) Selçuk, Sefa Furkan; Sarıoğlu Cebeci, Meltem
This study investigates the hydrological impacts of land use and land cover (LULC) changes in the Upper Kızılırmak Basin, a drought-prone region in central Türkiye. Using the SWAT model calibrated and validated with SWAT-CUP, two simulations were conducted based on 1990 and 2018 LULC maps, while climate and soil parameters were held constant to isolate the effects of land cover change. The results revealed that four sub-basins–covering 60.19% of the basin–exhibited significant variations in evapotranspiration, soil water, water yield, and percolation, primarily due to shifts in agricultural practices. Notably, decreases in evapotranspiration and increases in soil moisture and percolation were linked to the conversion of grasslands to pastures. The study highlights the spatial heterogeneity of LULC-induced hydrological changes and demonstrates the importance of sub-basin-level assessments for effective water resource management in semi-arid environments.
Effects of topographic variables on traffic-related pollutant concentrations: comparison of AERMOD and CAL3QHCR models
(Frontiers Media SA, 2025) Demirarslan, Kazım Onur
Introduction: This study examines the spatial dispersion of traffic-related pollutants (CO, NOx, and PM10) along a major highway corridor that connects the Eastern Black Sea Region with northern Türkiye. The primary objective is to compare the performance of two atmospheric dispersion models—AERMOD and CAL3QHCR—and to evaluate how topographic variables influence their outputs. Methods: Dispersion simulations were performed using AERMOD and CAL3QHCR under identical meteorological and traffic input scenarios. Model predictions were compared using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and validated against observational data from ten air quality monitoring stations. Fractional Bias (FB) and Normalized Mean Square Error (NMSE) were employed as statistical performance metrics. Results: Both models estimated higher pollutant concentrations near highways, but AERMOD consistently predicted higher maximum values (CO: 0.78 ppm; NOx: 1.48 ppm; PM10: 26.59 μg/m3). CAL3QHCR produced lower estimates (CO: 0.20 ppm; NOx: 0.09 ppm; PM10: 2.70 μg/m3), yet it showed better agreement with observed CO and NOx concentrations. Correlation analysis indicated strong negative correlations between pollutant levels and elevation (e.g., CO: r = −0.87). Both models captured the spatial decline in concentrations with increasing distance from the road, particularly within the first kilometer. Discussion: AERMOD was found to overpredict pollutant concentrations, while CAL3QHCR yielded closer estimates for CO and NOx. However, both models exhibited poor performance in simulating PM10, as indicated by high NMSE values and consistent underestimation. These findings highlight the significance of topography in dispersion modeling and the necessity of model calibration for PM-based assessments.
Sound level measurement and spectrum analysis in full and empty various social spaces
(Sakarya University, 2021) Başak, Serden; Demirarslan, Kazim Onur
The noise seen in different areas throughout human history has turned into a frequently complained problem with the increasing industry and technology. Unfortunately, the problem of noise has become a part of social life today. Noise pollution, which is a side effect of urbanization and industrialization, threatens society's mental and physical health. However, knowing the noise level makes it possible to take precautions. In some cases where the sound limit levels set by laws and/or regulations of many countries are not exceeded, people may complain about the noise. Noises that occur in different places in educational institutions such as universities can cause adverse effects on both students and the administrative and academic staff working there. The noise in the places where the staff and students spend their time both for relieving their hunger and resting and socializing during their rest periods prevents people from relaxing. This situation causes people not to feel rested when returning to their lessons or work. In this analysis, the Artvin Coruh University staff dining hall's sound levels, the student dining hall, and the cafeteria/bowling alley spaces used by the students were measured when they were empty and full. Besides, the bandgap of the sounds complained about by the users was determined by spectrum analysis. As a result of the study, noise levels of 29.43 dB(A), 30.75 dB(A), and 32.94 dB(A) were obtained in the measurements made in empty spaces, and 56.10 dB(A), 57.56 dB(A)and 69.76 dB(A) in the measurements made in filled areas.
Waste paper inventory study within the scope of zero waste for public institutions: an example of Artvin Çoruh University
(Gumushane University, 2021) Demirarslan, Kazım Onur; Başak, Serden
The paper was discovered and spread to the world by the Chinese Civilization about 2000 years ago. Although electronic media is used instead of paper, the use of paper continues to be used for magazines, journals, essential documents, records, and books. Besides, the use of paper for various packages is quite high. The raw material of the paper consists mainly of wood. Hence, the use of waste paper as the raw material in the manufacture of paper is growing nowadays. As a consequence, the storage, transportation, and recycling of waste paper have become an issue of waste management. The amount of paper waste in universities, one of the public institutions, was investigated in this study. Waste papers collected from the Seyitler and City Campuses of Artvin Coruh University was tracked for one year. It was calculated from the study that a total of 2,179 kg of paper waste was obtained in one year. It was found that the monthly average per person was 0.045 kg and the annual average was 0.49 kg. It was observed that the papers were collected in a temporary storage area and given to scrap paper collectors at certain periods. This study is aimed to be a pioneering study of waste paper inventory studies to be carried out in public institutions aiming at zero waste.
Air pollution due to coal mining: Literature review about particulate matter and methane emissions
(Union of Chambers of Engineers and Architects of Turkey, 2017) Demirarslan, Kazim Onur; Kaya, Ali
In spite of development of renewable energy technologies, our dependence on fossil fuels still has been continuing. Coal is the most suitable fuel in terms of price and efficiency in fossil fuels. With the industrial revolution, coal using steam engines increased and as a result of this, coal demand increased. The need for coal makes coal production increased and so, environmental problems increase because of coal mining. One of these problems is air pollution. Especially Particulate Matter (PM) and Methane (CH4) emissions which occurred in open and underground mining represent major place. In this research, PM and methane emissions situation and precautions in coal mines around the world are explained by making literature review. Also, this research is intended to be resource to other planned studies.
Assessment of the effect of reactive materials on the content of selected elements in Indian mustard grown in Cu-contaminated soils
(Institute for Land Reclamation and Grassland Farming, 2016) Radziemska, Maja; Jeznach, Jerzy; Mazur, Zbigniew; Fronczyk, Joanna; Bilgin, Ayla
Zero-valent iron (ZVI) represent a promising agent for environmental remediation. The research was aimed to determine the influence of copper in doses of 0, 80, 150, 300, and 600 mg Cu·kg-1 of soil as well as ZVI, and lignite additives on the content of macroelements in the Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.). The average accumulation of analyzing elements in Indian mustard grown in copper contaminated soil were found to follow the decreasing order Mg > Na > P > Ca > K > N. Soil contamination at 600 mg Cu·kg-1 of soil led to the highest increase in P, Mg, N, and Ca content. The application of ZVI had a positive influence on the average phosphorus and potassium content of Indian mustard. Moreover, the application of ZVI and lignite had a positive influence on the average Mg and Ca content in the above-ground parts of Indian mustard. From the analyzed reactive materials, the application of lignite was shown to be the most effective resulting in the decrease in the average nitrogen and calcium content when compared to the control crop. Calcium content in plants from the control group, without the addition of zero-valent iron, and powered lignite (control), was positively correlated with increasing doses of copper.
Exploring sentinel-1 and sentinel-2 time series sensitivity to rice height
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Abdikan, Saygın; Ganeva, Dessislava; Narin, Ömer Gökberk; Sekertekin, Aliihsan; Dimitrov, Zlatomir; Bayık, Çaglar; Chanev, Milen; Filchev, Lachezar; Üstüner, Mustafa; Esetlili, Mustafa Tolga; Balık Şanlı, Füsun; Kurucu, Yusuf
The rice plant is one of the most widely consumed crops globally, and its height is a key indicator of growth. This study explored the relationship between rice plant height, measured in situ in Bulgaria and Türkiye, and multi-temporal data from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellites to develop models for height estimation. The strongest correlation was observed when integrating the Radar Vegetation Index (RVI) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), yielding a correlation coefficient of r = 0.69. Additionally, using VV polarization in a multi-linear regression analysis resulted in the lowest error rate, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 14.14 cm. The findings suggest that combining synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical data holds significant potential for accurately estimating rice plant height.
Determining the disaster preparedness of university staff: The case of Artvin Coruh University, Turkey
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Işık Demirarslan, Elif; Torpuş, Kemal; Demirarslan, Kazım Onur
This research undertaking ascertains the preparedness and perception of academic and administrative personnel at Artvin Çoruh University regarding disaster risk. For this study, a descriptive and cross-sectional research approach was used. The study population comprises academic and administrative personnel employed at the university. The sampling methodology did not apply any specific method, and the study comprised 218 employees who willingly agreed to participate. However, because of the presence of individuals who provided partial responses in the questionnaires, the total number of participants included in the study sample was reduced to 215. A statistically significant correlation was identified, as measured by the DPS total score, between the gender of the faculty and staff and their knowledge of emergency action plans at the university. A statistically significant link was discovered between the DRPS total score and the likelihood of experiencing a disaster, material loss, and the consideration of relocation to avoid disaster risk. A statistically significant relationship was found between the DPS total score and the status of receiving disaster training, compulsory disaster insurance of the house of residence, and disaster preparation. This study also investigated the correlation between the DRPS and DPS total scores of university workers and their age. A statistically insignificant correlation was observed between the DRPS and DPS total scores. In this regard, it is advised that staff members of the institutions participate in frequent repetitions of disaster awareness training and drills.
Characterization of wood dust emission according to some wood species in 3D machining applied with CNC machine
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Çakıroğlu, Evren Osman; Demirarslan, Kazım Onur; Taşdemir, Taner
The use of CNC machines for woodworking is becoming increasingly widespread due to advancing technology. In this study, while 3D processing is performed on wood materials using a CNC machine, the aim is to determine wood dust emissions (PM2.5, PM10) according to processing parameters and wood species. Yellow pine, spruce, chestnut, sapelli, and beech are wood species frequently preferred in furniture businesses. Utilizing a CNC machine equipped with 2 mm and 10 mm diameter cutting tools, the wooden material was machined at a spindle speed of 18,000 RPM, a plunge rate of 4000 mm/min, and a cutting speed of 8000 mm/min. For the study, a 3D-modeled motif with curved lines was selected and applied to wooden prisms measuring 30 cm × 30 cm × 30 mm (width, length, thickness). In conclusion, Yellow pine, with its high hardness and dense structure, generates significantly more dust than spruce during CNC machining. This result reveals that different wood species exhibit different levels of environmental impact during CNC processing. This underscores the urgent need for appropriate air filtration and emission control systems, particularly for woods that produce high emissions. Fine cutting edges effectively reduce PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations, enhancing workplace air quality. By reducing exposure to wood dust, which is harmful to human health, this study plays a crucial role in addressing this pressing issue and allows for the implementation of suitable arrangements with minimal chip removal for CNC parameters.
Assessing the impact of climate change on the distribution of CO₂ emissions using the AERMOD dispersion model: Comparison of different input data sets
(Springer, 2025) Çetin Doğruparmak, Şenay; Demirarslan, Kazım Onur; Soslu, Fatma
This study evaluated the impact of changing climate elements on CO₂ emission distribution using AERMOD model results derived from different meteorological inputs while maintaining consistent orography and emission data. Surface and upper air meteorological data spanning 14 years from 2005 to 2023 were used as inputs. The study focused on highways and state roads in Kocaeli, with CO₂ emission data obtained from an inventory study. Significant differences in meteorological factors were observed over the 14 years, including a 64% decrease in average wind speed, a 91% increase in the Calm Winds ratio, and a 4 °C rise in average temperature, along with notable changes in wind direction frequencies. Significant statistical differences were found between years and surface meteorological data and between years and higher air layer data, according to statistical tests. Additionally, statistical testing revealed statistically significant differences between the the annual modeling results (p < 0.05). CO₂ emissions per km ranged from 1–78,535 kg/day. Modeling showed that maximum CO₂ concentrations in 2023 increased by 94% compared to 2005, attributed to meteorological changes. The results underscore that meteorological factors significantly influence pollution distribution, and climate changes due to global warming can alter pollution levels even without increased emissions.
Evaluation of lake water quality using remote sensing technique and trophic state index
(American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 2025) Bilgin, Ayla; Saralioğlu, Ekrem
In this study, data were evaluated using remote sensing technique, multivariate statistical analysis technique, and trophic status index calculations in order to evaluate the water quality of the dam lake. In the study, water quality data of Borcka Dam Reservoir located in Çoruh River Basin, which is one of the important basins in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey, were used. Data were obtained from Artvin (Turkey) Environment and Urbanization Provincial Directorate. The data used in the study were taken from a total of seven points, including surface, middle, and bottom. In order to evaluate the water quality of the lake, the remote sensing technique was compared with the measurement data and evaluated. In the remote sensing technique, the trophic status of the lake was determined using chlorophyll-a and total solids data from Sentinel-2 satellite image of 2016. According to the TSI index and Turkish legislation, the dam lake is evaluated as mesotrophic in terms of TP and TN data of the dam lake water quality. The measurement results of these parameters are higher at the bottom and lower at the surface. Satellite data were compared with the Carlson trophic state index (TSI) calculation values calculated with the 2016 measurement data of chlorophyll-a (Chla), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and secchi disk (SD).

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