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Computational and experimental analysis of oleanolic acid as an allosteric activator of SIRT1
(TUBITAK, 2025) Sarıyer, Emrah; Dokumacıoğlu, Eda; İskender, Hatice
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a member of the sirtuin protein family and the biological effects of SIRT1 encompass various areas such as the ageing process, metabolism regulation, and cellular stress response. SIRT1 activators are compounds that enhance the activity of SIRT1 enzyme. These activators can be natural or synthetic compounds and have the potential to provide health benefits by augmenting the biological effects of SIRT1. Oleanolic acid (OA) is a triterpenoid compound that has antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and glucose and lipid metabolism-regulating properties naturally found in many plants. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of OA on SIRT1 activation and its underlying mechanism. SIRT1 activity was determined by ELISA in rat serum and liver and kidney tissue. SIRT1 activity was significantly higher in the OA-treated rats compared to the control group. Moreover, through the use of computational methods, the study examined the potential of OA as an allosteric compound for SIRT1. The findings revealed that OA demonstrated a greater affinity for the allosteric site than resveratrol did and may lead to a similar increase in SIRT1 activity. The findings of both experimental and computational studies were complementary, which led to the conclusion that OA serves as a positive regulator of SIRT1 activity.
Molecular phylogeny of medicinal-aromatic plant Osmanthus decorus from Artvin, Türkiye
(KASTAMONU UNIVERSITY, 2025) Akyıldırım Beğen, Hayal; Eminağaoğlu, Özgür; Şeker, Perinçek Seçkinozan; Selçuk, Ahmet Yesari; Yakın, Batuhan Yaman; Tekiner Aydın, Nasibe; Saral Sarıyer, Ayşegül; Sarıyer, Emrah
Aim of study: The white flowers of Osmanthus species have been valued for centuries in medicinal and aromatic applications due to their distinct fragrance and chemical composition. Among the 27 species distributed globally, Osmanthus decorus is the only species endemic to the Caucasus region, found in Russia, Georgia, and Türkiye. O. decorus has a distinct distribution area around Artvin but has not been sufficiently studied at the molecular level regarding its differentiation from other species. Material and method: This study focuses on identifying the molecular differences between Turkish O. decorus samples and other species while constructing their phylogenies. Phylogenetic relationships were analyzed using Bayesian inference with universal DNA barcode markers (nrDNA ITS and cpDNA matK). Main results: The nuclear and chloroplast data were consistent, and all Caucasian Osmanthus specimens clustered into a strongly supported monophyletic group. As a result of the Bayesian analysis, it was determined that O. decorus does not clearly separate from other species within the genus. Research highlights: According to the results of BLAST analysis, it was determined that the samples from Russia and Georgia, which are geographically close to the samples from Türkiye, were 100% matched.
Can social media be a threat or an opportunity to public health via the impacts on diet quality?
(Frontiers Media SA, 2025) Ayhan, Büşra; Köse, Süleyman; Saban Güler, Meryem; Bilici, Saniye
Background: Previous studies have emphasized the influence of social media on people’s eating habits and preferences. Studies have indicated that social media can influence diet quality through a variety of processes in both positive and negative ways. But, it is still unknown how social media’s widespread use in daily life affects users’ nutritional condition. Objective: A survey form covering the frequency of social media use (SMU), topics related to nutrition followed, and accounts followed was administered by researchers. Participants self-reported age, weight, and height and provided 24-h dietary recall records. Methods: A total of 1,241 university students, all with at least one social media account, participated in the study. A survey form covering the frequency of SMU, topics related to nutrition, and accounts followed was administered by researchers. Participants self-reported age, weight, and height, and provided 24-h dietary recall records. Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR) and Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) scores were calculated based on the 24-h dietary recall records to assess diet quality. Results: Among the persons who use social media frequently, 39.4% were classified as male, while 60.6% were classified as female. The study also found that 48.7% of students who use social media rarely and 41.0% frequently are enrolled in health-related departments. Instagram was the most popular platform among students and the source of healthy nutrition recipes. Accordingly, it is seen that the frequency of social media use does not give a statistically significant result with BMI (p < 0.05). Students in health-related departments had significantly reduced energy intake compared to other departments (p < 0.05). However, they exhibited elevated consumption of fiber and vitamin A. Energy, protein, and carbohydrate intakes were not significantly different between students who used social media rarely and frequently. Calcium and potassium levels of those studying in the health department who use social media frequently were found to be significantly higher than those who use social media rarely (p < 0.05). Participant MAR scores and classifications were not significantly different by academic department or SMU classification (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Social media holds potential as a tool for promoting healthy food choices among university students who actively engage with it.
The effect of sulforaphane on the levels of serum cystatin-c in acetaminopheninduced nephrotoxicity in rats
(2016) Dokumacıoğlu, Eda; İskender, Hatice; Aktaş, Mustafa Sinan; Hanedan, Başak; Dokumacıoğlu, Ali; Mazlum Şen, Tuğba; Saral, Sinan
Objective: The exposure of living creatures to drugs and chemicals often results in toxicity of liver and kidney. Drugs constitute an important and big part of the community and hospital-acquired kidney diseases. In this study, we investigated the effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on the levels of cystatin-C and lipid peroxidation on acetaminophen (APAP)- induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Methods: Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were separated equally into four experimental groups: control group, SFN group, APAP group, and APAP + SFN group. In the experimental treatment groups APAP was administered oral gavage at 1 g/kg 3 h after SFN treatment in last day and, in the APAP + SFN group, SFN was administered oral gavage at a dose of 500 ?g/kg exactly for three days. Rats were euthanized and sacrificed 24 h after APAP administration. Results: APAP administration showed to significant increase in serum BUN, creatinine, urea and LDH concentrations as compared to the control datas indicating the induction of severe nephrotoxicity (p<0.001). SFN treatment significantly decreased the cystatin-C levels and lipid peroxidation compared to APAP group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study demonstrate that the attachment of SFN to the nephrotoxicity treatment protocol will be beneficial and further studies should be conducted for cystatin C which plays an important role in kidney toxicity and disease to be routinized as a biomarker.
The influence of germination time on SDG Lignan, Phenolic and Flavonoid contents of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum l.) sprouts
(İbrahim ÇAKIR, 2015) Özkaynak Kanmaz, Evrim; Ova, Gülden
In this study, the effect of germination time on SDG (secoisolariciresinol diglucoside) lignan, phenolic and flavonoid contents of brown and yellow flaxseeds (Linum usitatissimum L.) and their sprouts was investigated. SDG lignan content of brown and yellow flaxseeds were obtained as 13.76 and 6.17 mg/g dw respectively whereas, germination resulted in a noticable reduction of SDG lignan in seeds. 13-old-day brown flaxseed sprouts had the highest SDG lignan content (0.72 mg/g dw) whereas, the highest SDG lignan content was determined as 0.37 mg/g in yellow flaxseed sprouts at 11 days. Free and esterified phenolics and flavonoids were increased after with germination and during germination (5-13 days) and cultivar had a significant effect (P<0.05). Total phenolic content of brown and yellow flaxseeds increased 4.2-fold and 7.3-fold after germination of 13 days respectively, similarly total flavonoid content increased 33.5-fold and 26.8-fold. The percentage of esterified phenolics decreased with germination in seeds and represented 66.11 and 67.02% of total phenolics in brown and yellow flaxseed sprouts at 5 days whereas, the percentage of free flavonoids in seeds increased with germination and reached to 77.35 and 71.11% in brown and yellow flaxseed sprouts respectively.
Root dentin remineralization by arginine and sodium fluoride
(GALENOS PUBL HOUSE, 2023) Başak, Selver Suna; Batındır, Funda; Dokumacıoğlu, Eda
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of arginine and sodium fluoride on the microhardness of demineralized root dentin.Materials and Methods: Forty anterior teeth were collected. Disc specimens with 2 mm thickness were prepared. Specimens were divided into 4 groups (10 specimens/group). Microhardness measurements and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry analysis were performed before and after the treatment. Statistical analyses were conducted with the software SPSS 19.0.Results: There was a significant difference between mean values of microhardness (p<0.05). There were statistically significant differences among the groups in terms of phosphorus (p<0.05) while the difference in calcium was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: No effects on microhardness and remineralization were observed by arginine application.
Premenstrual syndrome levels and eating attitudes among university students
(UNIV INDONESIA, 2023) Bahadur, Ceyda; Ergen, Dilara; Yıldız, Nesibe; Dokumacıoğlu, Eda
Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is the combination of physical, behavioral, and psychological symptoms that characterize the week leading up to menstruation, and it can last for a few days. This study aimed to investigate irregular PMS, eating attitude behavior, and body mass index values among university students.Methods: The study sample consisted of 140 Artvin Coruh University students studying Nutrition and Dietetics. The study includes questions from three separate sections. The first section contains a sociodemographic characteristic form, the second section consists of the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS), and the third section includes the 26-item Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26).Results: In this study, the mean total score for PMSS was 135 +/- 38.3, and the mean total score for EAT-26 was 17.0 +/- 10.8. Individuals with irregular sleep patterns experienced more severe PMS (p < 0.01) and a shorter daily sleep duration (p < 0.05).Conclusions: High percentages of nutrition and dietetics students in our study experienced PMS, and the incidence of eating disorders was low. The relationship between PMS and EAT-26 must be understood for the health and well-being of university students.
Protective effect of betulinic acid administration on kidney damage in acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity model
(UNIV INDONESIA, 2023) Dokumacıoğlu, Eda; İskender, Hatice; Hayırlı, Armağan; Yenice, Güler; Terim Kapakin, Kübra Asena; Bolat, İsmail; Manavoğlu Kirman, Esra
Background: Acetaminophen (APAP) is the most widely used analgesic drug worldwide, but it may induce renal toxicity. Betulinic acid (BA) ameliorates the oxidative stress and inflammatory response to renal damage. The present study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of BA treatment through an experimental kidney damage rat model administered with APAP. Methods: Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, BA (25 mg/kg for 15 days), APAP (1 g/kg), and APAP + BA groups. BA was administered via oral gavage at a dose of 25 mg/kg for 15 days. APAP was dissolved in hot saline and administered on the last day to produce nephrotoxicity via a single oral gavage at a dose of 1 g/kg. Kidney tissue samples were analyzed for human cartilage glycoprotein 39 (YKL-40), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), interleukin 18 (IL-18), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test Results: Renal tissue YKL-40, KIM-1, IL-18, and MDA levels in the APAP group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). The BA treatment completely restored renal KIM-1, YKL-40, and MDA levels and partially restored renal IL-18 and SOD levels in the rats subjected to renal damage induction (p < 0.05). The intertubular regions of rats administered with APAP had degeneration, necrosis, and infiltration of inflammatory cells and were immunopositive for IL-1 beta and 8-hydroxy-2 & PRIME;-deoxyguanosine. Conclusions: BA can be used in the prevention and replacement treatment of nephrotoxicity due to its inhibitory properties in multiple pathways and powerful antioxidant effects.
Three new inhibitors of class A β-lactamases evaluated by molecular docking and dynamics simulations methods: relebactam, enmetazobactam, and QPX7728
(Springer Nature Link, 2022) Saral Sarıyer, Ayşegül
Antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterobacterales infections are serious global health problems, and class A β-lactamases are one mechanism that leads to antibiotic resistance. QPX7728, relebactam, and enmetazobactam are new β-lactamase inhibitors to combat β-lactam resistance. in silico approach was used in the current study to find which of the three inhibitors would be more effective for all class A β-lactamases and to reveal molecular insights into the differences between their binding energies. The mutations in conserved residues of the active sites of β-lactamases were defined using BLDB and Clustal Omega. FastME and MMseq2 were used for cluster and phylogeny analysis. 3D protein structure models for β-lactamases were built using SWISS-MODEL. ERRAT and Galaxy Web Server were used to verify 42 β-lactamase protein structures. QPX7728, relebactam, and enmetazobactam were docked to β-lactamases by using AutoDock 4.2. The TEM76-relebactam, CTX-M-81-relebactam, TEM-76-enmetazobactam, and CTX-M-200-enmetazobactam complexes were simulated by molecular dynamics method for 500 ns. Based on molecular docking results, relebactam and QPX7728 were more favorable inhibitors for serine A β-lactamases. A 2D representation of the interactions between ligands and β-lactamases showed that S235, hydrogen bonded with TEM-76, might play a role in inhibitor design. A 500-ns MD analysis of complexes indicated that distance from S70, stability in the enzyme active cavity, and high atomic displacement would account for a significant difference in inhibitor binding affinity.
Mutations in the proximal binding site and F-loop of AdeJ confer resistance to efflux pump inhibitors
(American Society for Microbiology, 2025) Saral Sariyer, Ayşegül; Leus, Inga V.; Tambat, Rushikesh; Farjana, Mithila; Olvera, Marcela; Rukmani, Shalini J.; Sariyer, Emrah; Smith, Jeremy C.; Parks, Jerry M.; Walker, John K.; Zgurskaya, Helen I.
Multidrug efflux is one of the major mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in gram-negative bacteria. Inhibitors of efflux pumps potentiate the activities of antibiotics, and their discovery could lead to new therapeutic options. The AdeIJK pump in Acinetobacter baumannii is a promising target for efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) due to its high clinical importance and conservation, and several classes of EPIs targeting this and other A. baumannii efflux transporters have been recently reported. However, the mechanisms of action of these EPIs and their resistance liability remain underexplored. Here, we analyzed the impact of site-specific substitutions in the substrate/EPI translocation path of the inner membrane transporter AdeJ on efflux of substrate antibiotics and fluorescent probes and activities of substituted 4,6-diaminoquinoline EPIs. We found that substitutions in amino acid residues located in the entrance cleft (R701) and the flexible loop (E675) of AdeJ lead to resistance specifically against biphenyl-substituted EPIs, whereas the substitution of F178 in the distal binding pocket increased AdeJ sensitivity to certain naphthyl- and biphenyl-substituted EPIs. No major differences in docking scores and poses of substrates and EPIs were observed between the wild type and corresponding AdeJ variants for any of the mutations considered. This study concludes that substrates and EPIs bound along the translocation path of AdeJ participate in its conformational transitions and can either increase or decrease the rate of transport and therefore the efficiency of EPIs.
Effects of Bromelain on Growth Performance, Biochemistry, Antioxidant Metabolism, Meat Quality, and Intestinal Morphology of Broilers
(Instituto de Tecnologia do Parana, 2023) Yenice, Güler; Atasever, Mustafa; Kara, Adem; Özkanlar, Seçkin; Gelen, Sevda Urçar; İskender, Hatice; Gür, Cihan; Gedikli, Semin
Bromelain is a mix of proteolytic enzymes obtained from the pineapple plant's fruit or stem. The effect of various rates of bromelain supplementation on broiler growth and carcass performance, meat quality, antioxidant metabolism, and blood profiles were examined in this study. In total, 288 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) one-day-old were used to determine the effects of different doses of bromelain (0, 0.15, 0.30, and 0.45 g / kg diet) during the six-week trial period. The trial groups consisted of six replicates of twelve animals each. Bromelain (30g/kg diet) improved the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and increased final body weight (BW) and body weight gain (BWG) (P<0.05). Bromelain increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the drumstick tissue (P<0.05). Bromelain decreased serum cholesterol (COL), High-density lipoprotein (HDL), and Low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Bromelain did not affect drumstick and breast meats' pH value but had shown a limited and variable effect on the color parameters and Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) during the storage period. Bromelain increased goblet cell number (GCN), crypt depth (CD), villus length (VL), and epithelial height (EH) (P<0.05) in the small intestine. In conclusion, bromelain had a minor impact on meat microbiological quality but improved intestinal morphology and final performance parameters.
Effects of oleanolic acid administration on renal NF-κB/IL-18/ IL-6 and YKL-40/KIM-1 pathways in experimental diabetic rats
(Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 2023) İskender, Hatice; Dokumacıoğlu, Eda; Hayirli, Armagan; Kapakin, Kubra Asena Terim; Bolat, Ismail; Kirman, Esra Manavoglu
Objective(s): Neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy, known as the triopathy of diabetes, are the consequences of microvascular complications of diabetes. The present study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of oleanolic acid (OA) administration against diabetic nephropathy considering biochemical and histopathological parameters. Materials and Methods: The rats with fasting blood glucose levels of 200 mg/dl and above were considered diabetic after induction of diabetes via injecting STZ. The other half of the rats were not injected with STZ (healthy rats). Both healthy and diabetic rats were then divided randomly into two subgroups to be administered with either OA (5 mg/kg) with 1 ml tap water by oral gavage or 1 ml tap water in the same route for 21 days. Serum urea-N, Ca, P, and Mg as well as renal tissue MDA, SOD, NF-κB, IL-6, IL-18, AMPK, YKL-40, and KIM-1 levels were measured. Results: OA administration partially decreased levels of serum urea-N and P, as well as levels of renal tissue MDA and inflammation markers (NF-κB, IL-6, IL-18, YKL-40, and KIM-1) in the diabetic rats. It also partially increased serum Ca and renal tissue AMPK levels in diabetic rats. These positive effects were also seen in renal tissue histopathology. Conclusion: OA treatment partially alleviated renal damage inflammatory and oxidative profiles in diabetic rats.
Rise and shine for eating right: the link between healthy nutrition and chronotype among young adults
(Frontiers Media SA, 2023) Mortaş, Hande; Ayhan, Büşra; Navruz Varlı, Semra; Köse, Süleyman; Ağagündüz, Duygu; Bilici, Saniye
Aim: Many studies have examined the relationship between chronotype and general health. Because healthy eating is the basis of health aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between healthy nutrition attitudes and chronotype in young adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,400 young adults (936 females and 464 males). Chronotype was assessed by the Turkish version of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and the Attitude Scale for Healthy Nutrition (ASHN) was applied by face-to-face interview. Furthermore, 24-h dietary recall was collected. The scores of nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) were calculated. The anthropometric measurements including body weight and height were taken. Results: The chronotype distribution of participants according to the MEQ score and MAR score were not significantly different between females and males (p > 0.05). The percentage of participants with high healthy eating attitude was lowest in the evening chronotype and highest in the morning chronotype (49.7, 37.7 and 25.4% in morning-, intermediate-, evening-types, respectively; p = 0.000 for all groups according to the reciprocal comparisons). There was a positive correlation of the MEQ scores with the scores of ASHN (r = 0.282, p < 0.01). ASHN score was shown to be a predictor for MEQ score (β = 0.280, p = 0.000). Moreover, the score of “poor eating habits” was shown to be highest in the evening chronotype and lowest in the morning chronotype (14.9 ± 3.0 and 13.1 ± 3.0, respectively; p < 0.01). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that individuals with the evening chronotype are more deficient in terms of healthy nutrition attitudes. Further studies with larger populations will potentially guide the development of health promotion strategies to prevent and treat chronic diseases based on an individual’s chronotype.
Evaluation of the effects of different mouthrinses on dental remineralization
(Wroclaw University of Medicine, 2023) Başak, Selver Suna; Dokumacıoğlu, Eda
Background. Dental caries occurs with the release of organic acids from the fermentable carbohydrates metabolized by cariogenic microorganisms. Microbial, genetic, immunological, behavioral, and environ-mental factors play a role in the development and severity of dental caries. Objectives. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible effects of different mouthwash solutions on dental remineralization. Material and methods. This in vitro study compared the remineralization capacity of different mouthwash solutions applied topically to the enamel surface. A total of 50 tooth specimens were prepared from the buccal and lingual halves, with 10 teeth in each group: G1 (control); G2 (Listerine®); G3 (Sensodyne®); G4 (Oral B® Pro-Expert); and G5 (DentaSave® Zinc). Remineralization capacity was evaluated in all groups. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the paired samples t test were used for statistical analysis, with a p-value <0.05 considered significant. Results. There were significant differences in the calcium (Ca)/phosphorus (P) atomic percentage (at%) ratio between the demineralized and remineralized dentin (p = 0.001), and between the demineral-ized and remineralized enamel (p = 0.006). Similarly, there were significant differences in the at% of P (p = 0.017) and zinc (Zn) (p = 0.010) between the demineralized and remineralized dentin. There was a significant difference in the at% of P (p = 0.030) between the demineralized and remineralized enamel. The Zn at% in enamel was significantly higher after remineralization in G5 as compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The images of the demineralized enamel showed the usual keyhole prism appearance, with intact prism sheaths and negligible inter-prism porosity. Conclusions. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) findings seem to confirm the effectiveness of DentaSave Zinc for the remineralization of enamel lesions.
First report of qnr and blaVIM-4-like producing clinical Alcaligenes faecalis isolated in Türkiye
(Gumushane University, 2023) Akyıldız, Esma; Saral Sarıyer, Ayşegül; Köse, Tuba; Arslan, Mikail; Beriş, Fatih Şaban; Özad Düzgün, Azer
The study set out to look at the clinical strain of A. faecalis's antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Both biochemical and molecular approaches were used to identify A.faecalis. The VITEK compact system was used to analyze the strain's antibiotic susceptibility profile. The use of PCR was evaluated to determine the presence of resistance genes. It was also determined whether resistance determinants could be transferred. It was determined that A. feacalis showed resistance to imipenem, cefepime, ceftazidime, gentamicin, amikacin, netilmicin, tobramicin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin. The blaVIM-4-like gene was present in this strain, according to the results of the PCR and DNA sequencing studies. In contrast to VIM-4, this blaVIM-4-like gene showed one amino acid change (Ala265Val).Filter-mating experiments showed that the blaVIM-4-like gene cannot be transferred from A. faecalis to E. coli. In this study, This research, demonstrated the presence of the blaVIM-4-like gene for the first time in A. faecalis from Turkey.
Characterization of the black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) honey from Türkiye
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Kemal, Mehmet; Üreyen Esertaş, Ülkü Zeynep; Demir Kanbur, Esra; Kara, Yakup; Özçelik, Ali Erdem; Can, Zehra; Kolaylı, Sevgi
This case report study investigated the botanical, physicochemical, and phenolic compositions, as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of varying amounts of black cumin honey (Nigella sativa) from Burdur region of Türkiye. The samples had an average moisture value of 17.23% and a Nigella sativa pollen ratio ranging from 19% to 51%. Electrical conductivity (EC) values ranged from 0.36 to 0.54 mS/cm. The average color values of Hunter (L, a, b) were 43.55 (L*), 32.77 (a*), and 64.52 (b*), respectively. The proline contents were ranged from 875 to 1624 mg/kg. The average F/G ratio and F+G value were 1.43±0.11 and 68.75±4.75, respectively. The average of total phenolic (TP) and total flavonoid (TF) contents were 36.87±7.00 mg GAE/100 g and 5.63±1.45 mg QUE/100 g, respectively. The antioxidant capacities of the samples were tested using the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, with mean values of 179.40±25.35 μmol FeSO4.7H2O/100 g and 46.07±12.87 mg/mL, respectively. The phenolic composition of the samples were tested using the HPLC-PDA method with 25 phenolic standards. Gallic acid, p-OH benzoic acid, t-cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, chrysin, and pinocembrin were determined as common components. The samples exhibited high antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Chromobacterium violaceum, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter haemolyticus, but did not affect Candida albicans, Candida parapilopsis, or Mycobacterium smegmatis.
The phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of figs (Ficus carica L.) grown in the Black Sea region
(Springer, 2023) Bayrak, Çiğdem; Birinci, Ceren; Kemal, Mehmet; Kolaylı, Sevgi
This study compared the phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of three varieties of fig fruits (Ficus carica L) from the Eastern Black Sea region of Türkiye. Total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and phenolic compositions were analyzed in green, purple, and dark purple species. The mean TPC value was 42.10 ± 5.71 mg GAE/100 g FW, ranging from 35.98 to 47.30 mg GAE/100 g FW, and was highest in the dark purple species. The mean TFC value was 1.27 ± 0.93 mg QUE/100 FW g, ranging between 0.35 and 2.21 mg QUE/100 FW g, and was highest in the purple species. The samples’ total antioxidant capacity was measured based on ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), the values ranging from 151.98 to 372.97 μmol FeSO4.7H2O/100 g FW, with an average value of 239.64 μmol FeSO4.7H2O/100 g FW, being highest in the dark purple species. The 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of the fruits was expressed as SC50 (mg/mL), and the values ranged from 10.04 to 42.42 mg/mL, being highest in the purple species. The phenolic composition was analyzed using HPLC-PDA according to the method in which 25 phenolic standards were used. Chlorogenic acid and t-cinnamic acid were the most common phenolic compounds, with rutin, chrysin, apigenin, and luteolin being detected at different amounts. In conclusion, the purple species contained the highest flavonoid content, was rich in apigenin, luteolin, and chrysin, and possessed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity.
Formation of Histamine, phenylethylamine and γ-Aminobutyric acid during sprouting and fermenting of selected wholegrains
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Çelik, Ecem Evrim; Canlı, Merve; Kocadağlı, Tolgahan; Özkaynak Kanmaz, Evrim; Gökmen, Vural
Sprouting and fermentation are known to cause hydrolysis of proteins into amino acids in grains, which in turn can be converted into some neuroactive compounds by some specific enzymes.One of these compounds is γ-aminobutyric acid, which is directly related to stress management. This study invesitgatesthe effects of sprouting and fermentation processes performed under different conditions on the formation of γ-aminobutyric acid. Concomitant phenylethylamine and histamine formations were also investigated from the food safety point of view. The combined application of sprouting and fermentation increased the concentrations of histamine and phenylethylamine to a maximum of 44 ± 5 and 3.9 ± 0.002 mg/kg, respectively. Nevertheless, these values did not reach the level that would cause undesirable effects. γ-Aminobutyric acid concentrations were found to reach levels comparable to γ-Aminobutyric acid -rich foods (maximum 674 ± 31 mg/kg) both with separate and combined application of sprouting and fermentation.
Computational prediction of analog compounds of the membrane protein MCHR1 antagonists ALB-127158 and KRX-104130
(Springer, 2023) Sarıyer, Emrah; Saral Sarıyer, Ayşegül
Obesity, which is already pervasive throughout the world, endangers public health by raising the prevalence of metabolic disorders and making their treatment more difficult. The development of drugs to treat obesity is a focus of effort. Melanin concentrated hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1) is the target of some of these therapeutic possibilities since as increased levels of melanin concentrated hormone have been found in obesity models. Known MCHR1 antagonists include BMS-830216, GW-856464, NGD-4715, ALB-127158, and AMG 076, but many have failed phase-I clinical studies. As a potential treatment for cardiotoxicity, KRX-104130 has only recently been identified. As MCH system is potentially effective target for treatment of obesity, in silico research into interaction between MCHR1 and its antagonists at molecular level was the primary goal of this study. Analogues ALB-127158 and KRX-104130 were screened among the RealEnamine library. The complexes obtained by molecular docking were embedded in mimics brain-cell membrane and simulated for 540 ns, and then MM-GBSA were calculated with MMPBSA.py. With all these computational studies, similar or different aspects of selected analogous compounds to ALB-127158 and KRX-104130 were investigated. The specificity of this study was that it analyzed MCHR1 protein as embedded in membrane. It was concluded that KRX-104130’s analogue Z1922310273 and ALB-127158’s analogue PV-002757495233 did not cause a difference in terms of phospholipid membrane properties. In addition, all ligands remained stable in putative binding site. It has been suggested that PV-002757495233 and Z1922310273 compounds can be evaluated as MCHR1 antagonists when all these outputs are considered in melting pots.
Genetic variations of renin-angiotensin and fibrinolytic systems and susceptibility to coronary artery disease: A population genetics perspective
(Edizioni Minerva Medica, 2022) Bayramoğlu, Ayşegül; Bayramoğlu, Gökhan; Urhan Küçük, Meral; Güler, Halil I.; Arpaci, Abdullah
BACKGROUND: Genetic predisposition is an important risk factor in coronary artery disease (CAD).This study was conducted to determine the polymorphism frequencies of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) gene 4G/5G, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene I/D, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) gene A1166C genotypes and to examine the role of these polymorphisms in CAD. METHODS: Genomic DNAs obtained from 260 subjects (130 CAD patients and 130 control) were used in the study. ACE I/D and PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism genotypes were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electrophoresis. AT-1 A1166C polymorphism was determined using the PCR, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and electrophoresis. The products amplified from AT1 gene by PCR were cut with HindIII restriction endonuclease and then analyzed by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. The results were statistically analyzed with the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and independent two-sample t-test. RESULTS: Allele frequencies showed statistically significant differences between the patient and control groups. There was no statistically significant difference in ACEI/D genotype frequencies between the twogroups. Likewise, no statistically significant difference was found in the AT1 A1166C genotype frequencies; however, a statistically significant difference was found in allele frequencies. The PAI-1 4G/5G genotype frequency was significantly higher in the patient group. CONCLUSIONS: While there is a relationship between of PAI-1 gene 4G/5G polymorphism and CAD, ACE gene I/D and AT1 gene A1166C polymorphisms are not related. PAI-1 gene homozygous genotypes may be considered as a prognostic marker for CAD patients.

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