Oshkosh kentinin kuruluşu ve gelişimi
Yükleniyor...
Dosyalar
Tarih
2015
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Turkish Studies(Elektronik)
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
The city of Oshkosh is a city which located within the boundaries of Wisconsin, United States. The city was established at a large forested land in the middle of countryside and along both shores of the Fox River in the mid-nineteenth century. It took it’s name from Menomiee Chief Oshosh, whose name meant “claw”. Since 1650’s Europeans, especially English and French show interest to the land of the city, which have led to a struggle with natives. Mesquakie, Sauk, Ho-Chunk, Metis and Menominee’s were the inhabitants of the city at seventeenth and eighteenth century. Also Yankees have came and established a large settlement in 1836, they embraced their management and legal systems to the natives. At the age of 1839, a meeting is held with the participation of the men inhabitants of city. The goal is to determine the name of the town. Like “Athens, Fairview, Oscelo, Stanford”, there were lots of different proposals presented and Oshkosh name is accepted by majority vote. After that, Natives, whose name are the origin of the city name left the land and migrated to the west and the town where the dominant culture is Yankee ethos recognized officially as a city in 1853. Protestant religion and partisan politicians gave a reflection of the eastern culture to the Oshkosh in a short term and Stingy entrepreneurs established the timber industry to exploit indigenous lands. With immigrants from England, Switzerland, Wales, Ireland, Germany, Canada, Poland and Russia, city has gained the racial and cultural diversity. Only to be given the right to vote in elections to white led to not adequately reflect rhe racial diversity at the documents. Be guaranteed religious freedom, political freedom for men, right to abstain from voting and right to not joint the army have made Oshkosh attractive for migrants. In 1850 the population is around 1300 that the majority of German origin. English-speaking Protestants were soon assimilated, while others remained their culture until twentieth century. In 1860, Oshkosh, has become the state's second largest city. At the end nineteenth century the city's population is around 28,000. Beside Yankee’s, The majority of the population was German origin. The city was divided into 13 regions. While north of the city inhabited by rich population, areas in the southern part (3, 6, 9 and 13) worker class was dominant. Class and ethnicity based local cultures were predominate. There were German Catholic communities available at the Oshkosh which were majority in the Sixth District. However, the first German migrants were rather Methodist or Protestant. Beside that Prussian set up Lutheran churches. Most of the families in Oshkosh was renting a land for a acre to plant beets, cabbage, corn and potato at the south of the city. Meals was the ethnic heart of memories especially for Germans. Patriarchal family structure, commitment to church and anti-intellectual conservatism was dominant in German community. Power pressure and migration trauma clearly led to the understanding Oshkosh Kentinin Kuruluşu ve Gelişimi (1853-1900) 275 Turkish Studies International Periodical For the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic Volume 10/1 Winter 2015 and acceptance of fatalism and suffering. Oshkosh was a Republican city in the last years of nineteenth century and some assimilated German Protestants were supported the ruling party and German Catholic workers in the south of the city were Democrats. As everywhere else, rich-poor gap was glaring in Oshkosh. Traditionally, the city was divided by the Fox River, but implicitly had separated the northern rich people from southern worker class. We can examine the urban population under three different social classes which were baron, working-class and middle-class. At the end of the 1890s, Timber barons were the richest individuals in Oshkosh and they and their families have created a small town pluctocracy. Rather, they were entrepreneurs dealing with industry. They lived in luxury homes. In this social class divorce wouldn’t be welcomed. The workers which were struggle with poverty were the tenants of the population. The house owners were able the bought their houses with long-term loans. They couldn’t live in prosperity and they live in the neighborhoods which have unpaved streets. In particular, the Sixth District, had a working population whose were non-Anglicized. The population of the thirteenth district have the most of the workers. Even going to work by tram or bike were luxury for workers. They were obliged to walk. Towards the end of the 1800s the main industry in Oshkosh, was on the tree carving. However, workers were paid very low wages considering their exertion. A skilled male worker working ten hours a day and were paid 80 cents. The workers were paid 40 cents for women and children. Trades and Labor Council was established in 1891 in Oshkosh. This council was the beginning of the labor movement in Oshkosh. They started work to raising the minimum age of employment to 14 and reducing the working hours per day to eight. From 1897 Amalgamated Woodworkers Union became interested about worker problems as a labor union. Worsening terms of aggravation gave birth to the big labor strike in 1898. Living standards of the middle class increase and relatively better than workers because of mass production and products from industry. While industrialists were role models for men, women's aim was to find the right husband. Blacksmithing, tailoring, hairdressing, shoemaking, dry gooding, pharmacy, medicine, advocacy, obstetrics, ironmongery, butcher, bakery, grocery, dairy, confectionery, cycling, milling, proprietor of a public bath, painting, hosiery, teaching, journalism, accountancy, shorthand typing, architecture, photography, plumbing and decoration were middle-class professions that exercised by the inhabitants of Oshkosh. Oshkosh, when compared with the Anatolian cities of that period, has made great progress in a short time, such as 50 years. Population with the waves of immigration from Europe, has increased almost 20- fold in the second half of nineteenth century. Particularly the lumber industry has accelerated the transformation of the burgh to city and they brought along with social and cultural change. With the growth of the timber industry, region has achieved the social and economic developments in a short period of time; At the end of the century it has seen a major strike. In this study, there will be analyzed the city's approximately the 276 Ayşe DEĞERLİ Turkish Studies International Periodical For the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic Volume 10/1 Winter 2015 first 50 years considering newspapers and books of the period in the direction of archival sources
Oshkosh, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Wisconsin Eyaleti sınırları içerisinde yer alan bir kenttir. XIX. yüzyıl ortalarında geniş bir ormanlık kırlık arazide ve Fox Nehri'nin iki kıyısı boyunca kurulmuştur. İsmini Menominee Şefi Oshkosh'tan almıştır ki kelime manası "pençe"dir. 1650'lerden itibaren Avrupalıların bilhassa İngiliz ve Fransızların ilgi gösterip yerlilerle mücadele etmesine yol açmış bir topraktır. Mesquakie, Sauk, Ho-Chunk, Metis ve Menomineeler XVII. ve XVIII. yüzyıl sakinleridir. Yankeeler 1836'da gelerek büyükçe bir yerleşim kurmuşlardır. 1839'da kasaba sakini erkeklerin katılımıyla bir toplantı gerçekleştirilmiş ve kasabanın adı Oshkosh olarak belirlenip resmiyet kazanmıştır. 1853'te resmen bir kent olarak tanınmıştır. Protestan din ve partizan politikacılar kısa sürede Oshkosh'a doğu kültürünün bir yansımasını vermiştir. Paragöz girişimciler yerli topraklarını sömürüp kereste endüstrisini kurmuştur. İngiltere, İsviçre, Galler, İrlanda, Almanya, Kanada, Polonya ve Rusya'dan gelen göçmenlerle kent ırksal ve kültürel çeşitlilik kazanmıştır. Dinî özgürlüğün garanti altında olması, erkekler için politik özgürlük, oy kullanma ve askerden kaçınma hakları Oshkosh'u göçmenler için cazip kılmıştır. 1850'de nüfus 1.300 civarı olup çoğunluğu Alman kökenlidir. İngilizce konuşan Protestanlar kısa sürede asimile olurken diğerleri XX. yüzyıla kadar kültürlerini büyük ölçüde korumuştur. 1860'da Oshkosh, eyaletin ikinci büyük kenti haline gelmiştir. XIX. yüzyıl sonunda şehrin nüfusu 28.000 civarındadır. Yankee olmayanlar dışında nüfusun büyük çoğunluğu Alman kökenlidir. Kereste endüstrisinin büyümesiyle birlikte bölge kısa sürede sosyal ve ekonomik açıdan gelişme göstermiş; öyle ki yüzyılın sonunda büyük bir greve de sahne olmuştur. Bu çalışmada dönemin gazeteleri ve kitapları da dikkate alınarak arşiv kaynakları doğrultusunda kentin yaklaşık olarak ilk 50 yılı incelenecektir
Oshkosh, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Wisconsin Eyaleti sınırları içerisinde yer alan bir kenttir. XIX. yüzyıl ortalarında geniş bir ormanlık kırlık arazide ve Fox Nehri'nin iki kıyısı boyunca kurulmuştur. İsmini Menominee Şefi Oshkosh'tan almıştır ki kelime manası "pençe"dir. 1650'lerden itibaren Avrupalıların bilhassa İngiliz ve Fransızların ilgi gösterip yerlilerle mücadele etmesine yol açmış bir topraktır. Mesquakie, Sauk, Ho-Chunk, Metis ve Menomineeler XVII. ve XVIII. yüzyıl sakinleridir. Yankeeler 1836'da gelerek büyükçe bir yerleşim kurmuşlardır. 1839'da kasaba sakini erkeklerin katılımıyla bir toplantı gerçekleştirilmiş ve kasabanın adı Oshkosh olarak belirlenip resmiyet kazanmıştır. 1853'te resmen bir kent olarak tanınmıştır. Protestan din ve partizan politikacılar kısa sürede Oshkosh'a doğu kültürünün bir yansımasını vermiştir. Paragöz girişimciler yerli topraklarını sömürüp kereste endüstrisini kurmuştur. İngiltere, İsviçre, Galler, İrlanda, Almanya, Kanada, Polonya ve Rusya'dan gelen göçmenlerle kent ırksal ve kültürel çeşitlilik kazanmıştır. Dinî özgürlüğün garanti altında olması, erkekler için politik özgürlük, oy kullanma ve askerden kaçınma hakları Oshkosh'u göçmenler için cazip kılmıştır. 1850'de nüfus 1.300 civarı olup çoğunluğu Alman kökenlidir. İngilizce konuşan Protestanlar kısa sürede asimile olurken diğerleri XX. yüzyıla kadar kültürlerini büyük ölçüde korumuştur. 1860'da Oshkosh, eyaletin ikinci büyük kenti haline gelmiştir. XIX. yüzyıl sonunda şehrin nüfusu 28.000 civarındadır. Yankee olmayanlar dışında nüfusun büyük çoğunluğu Alman kökenlidir. Kereste endüstrisinin büyümesiyle birlikte bölge kısa sürede sosyal ve ekonomik açıdan gelişme göstermiş; öyle ki yüzyılın sonunda büyük bir greve de sahne olmuştur. Bu çalışmada dönemin gazeteleri ve kitapları da dikkate alınarak arşiv kaynakları doğrultusunda kentin yaklaşık olarak ilk 50 yılı incelenecektir
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Oshkosh, Wisconsin, ABD, Avrupalı yerleşimciler, Kereste Sanayi, Oshkosh, Wisconsin, USA, European settlers, Lumber Industry
Kaynak
Turkish Studies(Elektronik)
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
10
Sayı
1
Künye
Değerli̇, A. (2015). Oshkosh Kentinin Kuruluşu ve Gelişimi. Turkish Studies (Elektronik), 10(1), 273-296.
