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Öğe The effect of some antibiotics on glutathione reductase enzyme purified from liver and erythrocyte of Lake Van pearl mullet(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2015) Altun, Muhammed; Türkoğlu, Vedat; Çelik, İsmailContext: The effect of antibiotics (amikacin, cefazolin, ivermectin, and kanamycin) on glutathione reductase (GR) isoenzymes activity in liver and erythrocyte of the fish, Chalcalburnus tarichi (Lake Van pearl mullet, Pallas 1811) (Cyprinidae) were investigated. Objective: This study determined the biochemical characterization of GR purified from the liver and erythrocytes of C. tarichi and the inhibition effect of the antibiotics on the GR isoenzymes. Materials and methods: GR was purified by affinity chromatography from the tissues of C. tarichi. The biochemical characterization of GR such as optimum temperature, optimum pH, and ionic strength were determined. The inhibition effects of the antibiotics on the isoenzymes were evaluated as IC50 and K-i values. K-i constant and 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value for antibiotics were determined by Lineweaver-Burk graphs and plotting activity % versus [ I], respectively, at five different concentrations of antibiotics. Results: Optimum temperature, pH, and ionic strength were determined for isoenzymes as 40 degrees C, 60 degrees C; 8.0, 8.0, and 50, 50 mM, respectively. Subunit molecular weights of the isoenzymes were estimated as 55 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). In addition, IC50 and K-i values were calculated for amikacin, cefazolin, ivermectin, and kanamycin. The antibiotics showed non-competitive inhibition effects. IC50 values were calculated as 16.3, 36.6, 0.504, and 18.8mM for liver and 20.0, 30.4, 0.787, and 31.8 mM for erythrocyte, respectively. K-i constants were 13.9, 18.4, 0.654, and 11.2 mM for liver and 23.2, 46.4, 1.19, and 36.4 mM for erythrocyte, respectively. Discussion and conclusion: The results indicated that the antibiotics displayed non-competitive inhibition.Öğe An efficient microwave-assisted synthesis of novel quinolone-triazole and conazole-triazole hybrid derivatives as antimicrobial and anticancer agents(Wiley, 2022) Uygun Cebeci, Yıldız; Ceylan, Şule; Alpay Karaoğlu, Şengül; Altun, Muhammed1,2,4-Triazole-fluoroquinolone and 1,2,4-triazole–conazole hybrids aredesigned, synthesized, and investigated in vitro against a variety of commondiseases. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds are characterizedfrom spectral data (IR,1H NMR,13C NMR, and LC–MS). The antibacterialactivity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is shown to beenhanced by many of the produced compounds. Also, some of the productsare found to have strong antiproliferative effects aganist HeLa cervical cancercells, whilst demonstrating cytotoxic effects toward normal cellsÖğe Insecticidal activity of fatty acid-rich Turkish bryophyte extracts against sitophilus granarius (coleoptera: curculionidae)(Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2013) Abay, Gökhan; Altun, Muhammed; Karakoç, Ömer Cem; Gül, Fatih; Demirtaş, İbrahimThe composition of fatty acids and insecticidal effects was performed for the Turkish mosses Dicranum scoparium, Hypnum cupressiforme, Polytrichastrum formosum, Homalothecium lutescens and the Turkish liverwort Conocephalum conicum. All structures were determined by means of gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. The determination of fatty acids was done using a simple and mild method that utilized different solvent extractions ranging from nonpolar to polar solvents (hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol, respectively), and the samples were powdered with and without liquid nitrogen. The correlations between the saturated and unsaturated fatty acid contents depending on the solvent polarity and their crushing process by liquid nitrogen were observed. The insecticidal activity of the bryophytes was analyzed by using the methanol, hexane and esterified methanol extracts. The hexane extracts of Polytrichastrum formosum showed the highest insecticidal activity (70.33%) against Sitophilus granarius. Contact toxicity activities of lauric, myristic and palmitic acids besides single dose studies of the solvent extracts were carried out. The highest mortality rate (53.34%) was obtained from the myristic acid among the tested pure fatty acids. The activities of palmitic and lauric acids were 17.75% and 4.32%, respectively.Öğe Synthesis and antimicrobial, antiproliferative evaluation of novel quinolone and conazole analogues via conventional and microwave techniques(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2021) Ceylan, Şule; Uygun Cebeci, Yıldız; Alpay Karaoğlu, Şengül; Altun, Muhammed1,2,4-Triazole-3-one (3), acquired from cinnamaldehyde was converted to the corresponding carbox(thio)amides via several steps (6 a–c). Their reaction with sodium hydroxide gave the 1,2,4-triazole derivatives (7 a–c). Compound 3 treatment with 2-bromo-1-(4-chlorophenyl) ethanone or 2-chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethanone afforded the compounds 8 a,b and by reducing these compounds reduction products were obtained (9 a,b). The synthesis of (10 a–e) was carried out by the reaction compounds 9 a,b with different benzyl chlorides. Then oxadiazole derivative (12) was obtained by ring closure from hydrazide compound 5. Subsequently compounds 3, 7 a–c, and 12 were treated with various amines in the presence of formaldehyde to yield Mannich bases (11 a–e, 14 a–e, 13 a,b). Microwave-assisted and conventional techniques were utilized for the syntheses. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were illuminated by spectroscopic methods. Their antimicrobial (MIC method), and anticancer activities (Abay's method) were examined. Results showed that most of the compounds exhibited good antimicrobial activities. Especially compounds 14 a–e which is a mannich base showed very good antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis compared with Streptomycin standard drug. Also compounds 8 a and 9 b have been found to have strong antiproliferative effects on the HeLa cervical cancer cells and also these compounds did not have a cytotoxic effects on a normal cells.Öğe Synthesis and characterization of some azole derivatives as potential biological and anticancer agents(Wiley, 2023) Uygun Cebeci, Yıldız; Ceylan, Şule; Altun, Muhammed; Alpay Karaoğlu, ŞengülThetreatmentof4-{[(1E)-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)meth-ylene]amino}-5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one
