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Öğe The alternative ranking using two-step logarithmic normalization method for benchmarking the supply chain performance of countries(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Kara, Karahan; Yalçın, Galip Cihan; Simic, Vladimir; Baysal, Zeynep; Pamucar, DraganSupply chain performance signifies the success of countries in material and information flow within international trade activities. Countries strive to enhance their supply chain performance by increasing connectivity with partner countries and reducing dwell times at logistics hubs. In this study, the supply chain performance of countries based on international tracking indicators is examined using a multi-criteria decision-making approach. The paper encompasses two primary objectives. The first objective is the determination of the supply chain performance of countries. The second one is the development of a novel alternative ranking method. The study employs 10 supply chain key performance indicators as criteria and utilizes data from 72 countries. The data is sourced from logistics performance index reports published by the World Bank. The modified preference selection index (MPSI) is employed for criterion weighting. For the ranking of countries, a novel alternative ranking method named the “Alternative Ranking using two-step LOgarithmic Normalization (ARLON)” method is proposed. Through the implementation of the MPSI-ARLON hybrid method, supply chain performance and rankings of countries are computed. The findings are supported by sensitivity and comparative analyses. Furthermore, robustness tests are conducted for the ARLON method. The research concludes by presenting implications and managerial insights derived from the ARLON method.Öğe An intuitionistic fuzzy-based model for performance evaluation of EcoPorts(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Yalçın, Galip Cihan; Kara, Karahan; Toygar, Arda; Simic, Vladimir; Pamucar, Dragan; Köleoğlu, NilayThe EcoPort performance level serves as a basic indicator to determine the environmental status of a port and its achievement of certification standards. The European Sea Ports Organization has defined ten essential EcoPort criteria that contribute significantly to the assessment of EcoPort performance. The primary motivation for this study is to determine the importance of the criteria from the perspective of academics and chief officers, as well as to evaluate the EcoPort performance of six port authorities that comply with three basic certification standards for environmental management systems. The research methodology and application are conducted in four phases. In the first phase, experts, criteria, and alternative ports are identified. In the second phase, the importance levels of experts are determined using neutrosophic sets, while the criteria are weighted using the intuitionistic fuzzy weighting averaging operator. In the third phase, the alternative ranking order method accounting for two-step normalization (AROMAN) based on the intuitionistic fuzzy sets is introduced to evaluate the EcoPort performance of the ports. In the fourth phase, the results are supported by sensitivity analysis scenarios. The research results identified air pollution as the most critical criterion, while the Valencia Port Authority secured the highest rank in terms of EcoPort performance. Ultimately, this research contributes to the literature by developing and applying the new IF-AROMAN method for EcoPort performance evaluation.Öğe Clustering countries on logistics performance and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission efficiency: an empirical analysis(2022) Polat, Mustafa; Kara, Karahan; Yalçın, Galip CihanThe logistics industry is among the industries that affect carbon dioxide emissions. The logistics activities of the countries produce CO2 emissions. For this reason, there is a significant relationship between the logistics performance of countries and their CO2 emissions. In this study, it is aimed to make a cluster analysis by considering the CO2 emission per capita efficiency of the countries and their logistics performance. The empirical study was completed in three stages. In the first stage, hierarchical clustering analysis was conducted with the logistics performances of the countries and the CO2 emission per capita. In the second stage, the CO2 emission per capita efficiency based on the logistics performance sub-indicators of the countries were determined by data envelopment analysis. In the third stage, non-hierarchical clustering analysis was performed with the variables of logistics performances and CO2 emission per capita efficiency of the countries. 2018 logistics performance index (LPI) and CO2 emission per capita data of 150 countries were used. According to the research findings, there are differences in the findings of hierarchical clustering analysis and nonhierarchical clustering analysis. In the conclusion part of the study, the differences between the clusters were explained and suggestions were developed for the researchers.Öğe Competitiveness based logistics performance index: An empirical analysis in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2023) Polat, Mustafa; Kara, Karahan; Acar, Avni ZaferLogistics, beyond being a strategically important function for global supply chains, is a sector of considerable size in terms of the global economy. Thus, economy-wide logistics capabilities have a strategic impact at the national level, supporting countries to achieve a global competitive advantage. For this reason, the logistics performances of the countries not only show the success of using their existing logistics capabilities but also provide significant indications about their competitiveness at the global level. Due to this strategic impact, this study aims to deal with the logistics performances of OECD countries from the perspective of competitiveness and to determine the competitiveness-based logistics performance index (CB-LPI). For this purpose, data envelopment analysis has been applied with two different techniques. The input variables are the Global Competitiveness Index, and the output variables are the Logistic Performance Index. In this empirical study, 7 inputs (infrastructure, skills, product market, financial system, information and communication technology adoption, business dynamism, innovation capability) and 6 output variables (Customs, Infrastructure, International shipments, Logistics quality and competence, Tracking and tracing, Timeliness) have been used. This study is handled in a total of 5 periods. These periods are 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018. As a result, it was determined that the competitive logistics performances of 8 countries (Australia, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Poland, Portugal, Spain, and Turkey) were at the level of full efficiency in each period in the application of both techniques. In addition, the CB-LPI covering all OECD countries has been established. Based on the scores obtained, country-based suggestions for countries have been developed.Öğe Determination and classification of entrepreneurial efficiency of countries: Data envelopment analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis(Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi, 2024) Kaygısız, Esra Gökçen; Şahin, Begüm; Kara, KarahanEntrepreneurship initiatives have undeniable effects on national economies. States and governments produce various strategies and policies to increase the contribution of entrepreneurship to the country's economy. Entrepreneurship levels of countries are determined by various organizations. Country entrepreneurship scores and rankings are regularly published by the “Global entrepreneurship monitor (GEM)”. Countries, on the other hand, understand their current level of entrepreneurship according to these reports. In this research, it is aimed to determine the entrepreneurial activity efficiency levels (EAE) of the countries with the data obtained from the GEM 2021 reports and to cluster them according to their activity levels. In this context, forty-two country data of five indicators presented in the 2021 GEM report were used. The research was carried out in two stages. In the first stage, four output-oriented data envelopment (DEA) models were created and the EAE were determined. In the second stage, the clustering of countries according to their EAEs was carried out by hierarchical clustering analysis. According to the research findings, 21 countries were at full efficiency in the DEA-1 model, 22 countries were at full efficiency in the DEA-2 model, and 18 countries were at full efficiency in the DEA-3 and DEA-4 models. In the hierarchical clustering analysis, the countries are clustered in three groups. Twenty-two countries were included in Cluster-1, seven countries in Cluster-2, and thirteen countries in Cluster-3. Cluster-1, Cluster-2 and Cluster-3 were characterized as high, middle, and low efficiency levels, respectively. As a result of the research, suggestions were made to countries to improve their entrepreneurial activities.Öğe Determination of logistics innovation performance index with entropy and combined compromise solution techniques(Symmetrion, 2022) Kara, Karahan; Yalçın, Galip Cihan; Kaygısız, Esra GökçenLogistics innovation performance is the resultant force of countries' logistics and innovation performance. Indices show the logistics performance and innovation performance of countries. However, the countries' logistics innovation performance index (LIPI) has not yet developed. The primary purpose of this research is to create the LIPI of developing countries for 2021. The global innovation index (GII) and Agility Emerging Market Logistics Index (AEMLI) scores of 48 developing countries were used. Ten criteria of the research have been used. Three criteria (domestic logistics opportunities, international logistics opportunities, business fundamentals) are from AEMLI, and seven criteria (institutions, human capital, research, infrastructure, market sophistication, business sophistication, knowledge and technology outputs, and creative outputs) are from GII. The criteria are weighted using the Entropy technique. The Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) technique is used to determine LIPI scores. As a result of the research, 2021 LIPI scores and rankings of developing countries have been created. Both AEMLI and GII scores have been compared with LIPI scores. In comparison, symmetric and asymmetric rank distributions are presented. In addition, suggestions have been shown to developing countries and researchers based on the implications.Öğe Determining the logistics market performance of developing countries by entropy and mabac methods(LogForum, 2022) Kara, Karahan; Bentyn, Zbigniew; Yalçın, G. CihanThe levels of logistics market performance of developing countries are published with Agility Emerging Markets Logistics Index (AEMLI) reports. The main purpose of this research is to propose a new model to determine the logistics market performance of developing countries in 2022 and to reorder the developing countries according to their logistics market performanceÖğe Developing a hybrid methodology for green-based supplier selection: Application in the automotive industry(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Kara, Karahan; Acar, Avni Zafer; Polat, Mustafa; Önden, İsmail; Yalçın, Galip CihanThe green performance values of businesses are of great importance in terms of sustainability, which includes long-term economic, social, and environmental effects. Thus, today, enterprises and managers are increasingly interested in this issue, and related topics, including supplier selection, have been inserted into decision-making procedures. However, how to predict the effects of green performance criteria, which represent environmental sustainability, on social and economic sustainability remains unclear. In this regard, the main purpose of this research is to develop a supplier selection methodology considering green performance criteria by applying multiple regression analysis and the Evidential Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making (F-MCDM) method based on Dempster-Shafer Theory (DST), which are both powerful methods in statistical analysis and decision-making under uncertainty. In the first phase of the research, variables that significantly affect green performance have been determined by testing the eight generated hypotheses with multiple regression analysis. Then, the best supplier was determined using those green supplier selection criteria in the Evidential F-MCDM method. Since using environmentally hazardous paints in the production process continues, the automobile paint production sector has been chosen as the application area of this green-based supplier selection methodology. In this respect, green dynamic capacity, green purchasing, eco-design, investment recovery, and green product innovation variables have been inserted into the Evidential F-MCDM method as the determinant variables of green performance. This research reveals that integrating multiple regression and Evidential F-MCDM methods can be a hybrid methodology in supplier selection. Thus, a different perspective is introduced into the green supplier selection decision-making process by considering the effects of criteria in the MCDM model on green performance. This innovation enhances the criteria determination and selection processes in classical MCDM approaches. In addition, green dynamic capacity is the most critical criterion in supplier selection based on their green performance, especially in the scope of this research.Öğe Exploring the adoption of the metaverse and chat generative pre-trained transformer: A single-valued neutrosophic Dombi Bonferroni-based method for the selection of software development strategies(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Önden, Abdullah; Kara, Karahan; Önden, İsmail; Yalçın, Galip Cihan; Simic, Vladimir; Pamucar, DraganThe contemporary era has witnessed remarkable developments that seek to transform and reshape traditional software development methodologies. Notably, artificial intelligence (AI) supported software development as well as software development in virtual reality environments have gained considerable prominence. This article introduces software development strategies to examine how software developers and companies respond to this transformation. Also, an advanced decision model is developed using the alternative ranking order method accounting for two-step normalization (AROMAN) method and further analyzed with the single-valued neutrosophic set-based AROMAN technique. The single-valued neutrosophic weighted Dombi Bonferroni operator is employed in the analysis process. This research offers two case studies investigating the preferences of developers and managers in software development strategies. The first case study examines the preferences of developers, while the second focuses on the preferences of managers. In both case studies, three fundamental software development methods are presented. These include the “traditional developers approach”, “AI-supported developers approach”, and “mixed reality and AI-supported developers approach”. These methods are ranked based on expert opinions concerning 10 criteria that influence the software development process. In both case studies, “output quality” is identified as the most influential criterion. From the perspective of software development methods, in both case studies, the “mixed reality and AI-supported developers approach” is identified as the most effective. Recommendations are provided for developers and managers. The findings also have significant implications for guiding developers and managers in making informed decisions and optimizing software development practices to align with the evolving AI and virtual reality landscape.Öğe A hybrid spherical fuzzy logarithmic decomposition of criteria importance and alternative ranking technique based on Adaptive Standardized Intervals model with application(Elsevier Inc., 2024) Yalçın, Galip Cihan; Kara, Karahan; Senapati, TapanThis study presents a hybrid fuzzy Multi-Attribute Group Decision Making (MAGDM) model with application to commercial insurance selection. The proposed hybrid model uses Spherical Fuzzy (SF) sets using Yager t-norm and t-conorm operations. The Logarithmic Decomposition of Criteria Importance (LODECI) method is used for criterion weighting due to its efficacy in stabilizing scenarios that may challenge other weighting techniques. For alternative ranking, the study employs the Alternative Ranking Technique based on Adaptive Standardized Intervals (ARTASI), offering enhanced flexibility in handling uncertainties inherent in expert evaluations. The combination of these methods and the utilization of SF sets gives rise to the proposed SF-LODECI-ARTASI hybrid model. The paper systematically delineates the procedural steps involving SF sets, Yager t-norm and t-conorm operations, SF-LODECI, and SF-ARTASI methods. Subsequently, the developed hybrid model is applied to a case study of commercial insurance selection, supported by a numerical example. The research application results emphasize the consistency of these findings with other alternative methods. Additionally, sensitivity scenarios are constructed to scrutinize the robustness of the proposed hybrid model. The study concludes by elucidating implications and contributions to the existing literature.Öğe Identifying the effects of corruption perception on the relationship between international trade and logistics performance in developing countries(2023) Acar, Avni Zafer; Kara, KarahanAbstract. Purpose – logistics creates a strategic effect by playing a facilitating role in international trade, which has a significant impact on the economic performance of countries. Logistics performance and corruption play an influential role in determining the trade efficiency levels of developing countries. There are two purposes in this research. First purpose is to determine the international trade efficiency level of developing countries based on logistics performance. The second purpose is to determine the efficiency level of trade based on both logistics performance and corruption levels. Research methodology – output-oriented data envelopment analysis (DEA) has been applied in the research. The research covers the years 2012–2020. The sample area is developing countries. Findings – countries with full efficiency levels in 2012–2020 have been determined according to both logistics performance and corruption scores. Research limitations – the research covers the years 2012–2020. The sample area is developing countries. Practical implications – the reduction of corruption levels in some developing countries is an important factor in increasing the level of international trade efficiency. Originality/Value – this research highlights the role of corruption in the relationship between trade and logistics performanceÖğe An integrated neutrosophic Schweizer-Sklar-based model for evaluating economic activities in organized industrial zones(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Kara, Karahan; Yalçın, Galip Cihan; Simic, Vladimir; Polat, Mustafa; Pamucar, DraganOrganized industrial zones (OIZs) are specialized areas where industrial activities are concentrated, and various economic activities take place collectively. Within OIZs, diverse economic activities coexist, forming shared industrial spaces. However, different regions tend to cluster different economic activities within OIZs. Given the significance of determining suitable economic activities for OIZs, developing a model for this decision problem, and testing its practical applicability is crucial. This research presents a multi-criteria decision-making approach to develop an economic activity selection model for OIZs. This model is based on type-2 neutrosophic numbers (T2NNs). Furthermore, two T2NNs aggregation operators, namely T2NN Schweizer–Sklar weighted arithmetic mean and T2NN Schweizer–Sklar weighted geometric mean aggregation operators, are developed based on the Schweizer-Sklar operations for use in determining decision-maker weights and ranking economic activities. The T2NN-based criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) method is employed for criterion weighting. An algorithm specific to the proposed model is devised for ranking economic activities. As a case study, this algorithm is applied to the Artvin-Arhavi OIZ, which is in the process of establishment in Turkey. Sensitivity and comparative analyses are conducted to assess the robustness of the developed aggregation operators and the model. In the case study findings, the most significant criterion is identified as investment risk, and forestry, logging, and related service activities are determined as the best economic activity. This research contributes to the field by introducing the model and novel aggregation operator for the selection of economic activities in OIZs.Öğe An interval-valued spherical fuzzy CIMAS-WISP group decision-analytic model for blockchain platform selection in digital projects(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Kara, Karahan; Yalçın, Galip Cihan; Simic, Vladimir; Korkuç, Çağatay; Çiçek, İlhan; Afacan, Erkan; Pamucar, DraganDigital projects aspiring to reach target audiences are executed through decentralized and trustworthy blockchain platforms (BPs). Once the objectives and target audience of a digital project are defined, the selection of suitable BPs is undertaken. The primary objective of this research is to develop a decision support system that aids in the selection of BPs for transferring digital data and assets. Numerous quantitative parameters determine the performance of BPs, alongside qualitative parameters indicating their performance. In this study, the aim is to determine the performance of BPs based on both qualitative and quantitative parameters. Within this scope, a multi-criteria decision-making approach and interval-valued spherical fuzzy (IVSF) sets are adopted. IVSF sets are utilized to determine expert importance levels. The IVSF-criteria importance assessment (CIMAS) method is introduced for the weighting of criteria. IVSF-CIMAS enables the determination of reliability levels in calculating criterion weights. The IVSF-simple weighted sum product (WISP) method is formulated to obtain the performance ranking of BPs. Thus, in this research, the IVSF-CIMAS-WISP hybrid model is developed, and an algorithm for this novel decision-analytic model is presented. A case study is developed focusing on BP selection for a digital project to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed hybrid model. The robustness of IVSF-CIMAS-WISP is tested through extensive sensitivity analysis scenarios. According to the research results, the applicability of the IVSF-CIMAS-WISP hybrid method is supported and its robustness is confirmed. The research findings provide numerous insights for project managers and practitioners.Öğe Küresel bulanık sayılara dayalı TOPSIS tekniğiyle yeşil tedarikçi(Giresun Üniversitesi, 2022) Kara, Karahan; Yalçın, Galip CihanSürdürülebilir tedarik zinciri yapılarının oluşturulabilmesi için doğru tedarikçi seçimi önemlidir. Özellikle çevreye ve insan sağlığına duyarlı tedarikçilerin yani yeşil tedarikçilerin tespit edilmesi tedarikçi seçim sürecindeki temel hedefler arasında yer almaktadır. Yeşil tedarikçi seçim (YTS) problemi yoğunlukla çok kriterli karar verme ve çok ölçütlü grup karar verme araştırmalar konusudur. Bu araştırma da bir otel işletmesinin YTS problemi ele alınmıştır. Araştırmada küresel bulanık sayılar kullanılarak “İdeal çözüme benzerliğe göre sıralama tercihi (TOPSIS)” tekniği uygulanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında üç karar verici, dört alternatif ve dört kriter (Ekonomi, Kalite, Sosyal ve Çevresel kriterler) kullanılmıştır. Küresel bulanık dilsel ifadelere dayalı toplanan veriler Küresel Ağırlıklı Aritmetik Ortalama (SWAM) operatörü ile birleştirilmiş ve kriterler ağırlıklandırılmıştır. Küresel bulanık sayılara dayalı TOPSIS tekniğiyle alternatifler sıralanmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre otel işletmesinin YTS kriter ağırlığı en yüksek kriter kalite kriteri olarak, en düşük kriter sosyal kriter olarak belirlenmiştir. Uygulama sonucunda alternatiflerin sıralaması yapılmış ve üçüncü alternatif en iyi alternatif olarak tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmacılara YTS problem çözümünde bulanık sayılarla çok ölçütlü grup karar verme tekniklerinin uygulanması önerilmiştir.Öğe The mediating role of green product innovation (GPI) between green human resources management (GHRM) and green supply chain management (GSCM): evidence from automotive industry companies in Turkey(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022) Kara, Karahan; Edinsel, SercanToday, the establishment of strong supply chain structures should be supported by a strong human resources management approach, as well as encompassing environmentalist and innovative approaches. At this point, this study has two main aims that include these requirements. The first aim is to determine whether the green human resources management (GHRM) of companies operating in the automotive industry has a direct impact on green supply chain management (GSCM). The second aim is to determine whether green product innovation (GPI) has a mediating effect in the relation GHRM and GSCM. Structural equation modelling is used to test the developed hypotheses. GHRM of automotive companies operating in Turkey has a significant positive effect on GSCM. In addition, GPI has a full mediating role in the relationship between GHRM and GSCM. Green-oriented should be establishment in the supply chain structures. Green-oriented human resources management approach is necessary to develop a green-oriented SCM. GHRM approach should be strengthened with GPI activities for GSCM. © 2022 Kedge Business School.Öğe The mediating role of logistics innovativeness on logistics capabilities and supply chain performance: evidence from defence industry companies in Turkey(Inderscience Publishers, 2024) Kara, KarahanIn today’s competitive conditions, supply chain performance enables companies to gain an advantage over rival companies. Logistics capabilities and logistics innovativeness contributes to supply chain performance with innovative attitudes. In this study, the effect of logistics capabilities on supply chain performance and the mediating role of logistics innovativeness in the relationship between logistics capabilities and supply chain performance are discussed. Sampling is 21 defence industry companies in Turkey. In the research method, a questionnaire was applied. A total of 358 successful survey results were obtained from the sampling area. Structural equation models were created with the obtained data set. Hypotheses were tested with the AMOS package program. The findings concluded that the logistics capabilities of defence industry companies have a significant effect on supply chain performance and logistics innovativeness has a full mediating effect between logistics capabilities and supply chain performance. Implications are made based on the findings obtained.Öğe The MEREC-AROMAN method for determining sustainable competitiveness levels: A case study for Turkey(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Kara, Karahan; Yalçın, Galip Cihan; Acar, Avni Zafer; Simic, Vladimir; Konya, Serkan; Pamucar, DraganSustainable competitiveness represents a multifaceted phenomenon encompassing economic, environmental, and social dimensions. Macro-level competitiveness strategies are formulated based on the diverse capitals possessed by individual countries, thereby giving rise to variations in the sustainable competitiveness strategies of each country. This research introduces a novel hybrid method called the method based on the removal effects of criteria (MEREC)?alternative ranking order method accounting for two-step normalization (AROMAN) for determining sustainable competitiveness levels. This study aims to assess Turkey's sustainable competitiveness position vis-à-vis its border neighbors. Natural capital, resource efficiency and intensity, social capital, intellectual capital and innovation, economic sustainability, and governance efficiency are the Global Sustainable Competitiveness Index (GSCI) indicators. The GSCI indicators are employed as criteria for determining the sustainable competitiveness scores of countries. The findings show that the “resource efficiency and intensity” criterion has the highest level of significance. The sustainable competitiveness level of Turkey to its neighboring countries is elucidated based on the results. Recommendations are formulated for the development of strategies aimed at determining Turkey's position in the race for sustainable competitiveness. The introduced MEREC-AROMAN can be utilized to provide rules of thumb for other countries to improve their sustainable competitiveness. This research offers decision support for the formulation of countries' sustainable competitiveness strategies and policies, fostering awareness in the planning and establishment of regional collaborations among nations.Öğe Moderating role of supplier coordination level in relation to data-driven supply chain and supply chain coordination capability(IGI Global, 2023) Kara, Karahan; Yalçın, Galip Cihan; Önden, AbdullahBig data and big data analytics have contributed to the collection of large amounts of data. This has led to the transformation to data-driven supply chain (DDSC) structures. The supply chain coordination capability (SCCC) has also been strengthened in DDSC. In this study, the effect of DDSC on SCCC and the moderator effect of supplier coordination (SCO) have been investigated. The research was carried out in the manufacturing firms. Three hundred eighty-three pieces of data were obtained between August and December 2021 by the simple random sampling method. Two hypotheses were developed. Simple regression analysis was used to test the first hypothesis, and moderator effect analysis was performed with the SPSS process to test the second hypothesis. It has been determined that the DDSC has a significant effect on the SCCC. In addition, SCO has a moderating effect, and when there is a high SCO, the DDSC has a greater effect on the SCCC.Öğe A neutrosophic WENSLO-ARLON model for measuring sustainable brand equity performance(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Kara, Karahan; Yalçın, Galip Cihan; Akagün Ergin, Elif; Simic, Vladimir; Pamucar, DraganSustainable brand equity denotes the perceived brand equity by consumers, influenced by companies' non-financial and environmental practices. To cultivate sustainable brand equity, corporations undertake green initiatives and engage in social responsibility endeavors, thereby communicating environmentally oriented messages to consumers. Companies feel the necessity to establish a competitive position in sustainability relative to their counterparts. Hence, the primary objective of this research is to conduct an inquiry aimed at identifying sustainable brand equity to meet this exigency of companies. In this context, the motivation of this study lies in treating the calculation of sustainable brand equity as a decision-making process and developing a decision support system for this purpose. The proposed decision support system for determining sustainable brand equity levels in this research has three fundamental inputsss: experts, criteria, and brands. The impact levels of experts on the decision-making process are quantified utilizing type-2 neutrosophic number (T2NN) sets. The weights of criteria are ascertained employing the weight by envelope and slope (WENSLO) method extended with T2NN sets. The ranking of sustainable brand equities is established through the innovative T2NN-based alternative ranking using two-step logarithmic normalization (ARLON) method. These methodologies are amalgamated, and the T2NN-WENSLO-ARLON hybrid model is posited as a decision support system for evaluating sustainable brand equity performance. An algorithm for T2NN-WENSLO-ARLON is formulated and elucidated alongside a case study focusing on companies operating in the cosmetics sector in Turkey. The case study identifies the “green product leadership” criterion as the most influential factor in determining sustainable brand equity. Furthermore, the cosmetic company “Misbahçe Inc.” is identified as the brand with the highest sustainable brand equity. Sensitivity and comparative analyses are conducted to ascertain the robustness of the results and the decision model. All scenario outcomes bolster the decision model. The research provides comprehensive insights into both the developed tool for calculating sustainable brand equity and develops implications for the cosmetics industry.Öğe A picture fuzzy CIMAS-ARTASI model for website performance analysis in human resource management(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Kara, Karahan; Yalçın, Galip Cihan; Kaygısız, Esra Gökçen; Simic, Vladimir; Örnek, Ali Şahin; Pamucar, DraganThe central emphasis of human resource management resides in the precise delineation of job responsibilities, engaging in systematic inquiry to identify well-suited candidates, and discerningly electing the most qualified individual from the pool whose qualifications align with the job description. The selection of a well-suited candidate is dependent on the creation of an appropriate candidate pool. Digital platforms are preferred over traditional approaches to reach human resources. The main objective of this research is to identify the most suitable digital platform for posting job advertisements based on website performance. The multiple-attribute group decision-making approach is adopted in this research, considering both qualitative and quantitative criteria. A decision support system for website selection is developed, where expert importance levels are calculated based on picture fuzzy sets (PFS). The weight levels of criteria are determined using the introduced PFS-based criteria importance assessment (CIMAS) method. The ranking of websites is calculated using the proposed PFS-based alternative ranking technique based on adaptive standardized intervals (ARTASI) method. These methods are hybridized into the PFS-CIMAS-ARTASI model. Additionally, an algorithm for this hybrid model is developed. A case study is conducted to demonstrate the applicability of the PFS-CIMAS-ARTASI hybrid model for website performance calculations. Robustness tests based on various sensitivity analysis scenarios are performed. The research results indicate that PFS-CIMAS-ARTASI is both applicable and robust. Comprehensive managerial implications are presented and elaborated on.
