Kâğıt üretiminde bakteriyel selüloz katkısının dolgu maddesi tutunumu üzerine etkisi
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Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Dünyada en çok tüketilen malzeme olan kağıt üretiminde, gelişen baskı teknolojisi ile kağıdın beyazlığını, baskı kalitesini ve yüzey düzgünlüğünü geliştirmeye yönelik talepler hızla artış göstermiş, bu amaçla dolgu maddeleri yaygın olarak kullanılmaya başlamıştır. Tüm dünyada, en çok tercih edilen CaCO3'ün sahip olduğu olumlu özellikler çeşitli yöntemler ile daha da geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen sentetik (çöktürülmüş) kalsiyum karbonatlar (PCC) ile yüksek beyazlık, parlaklık ve opaklıkta kaliteli kağıtlar üretilmiş ancak küçük tanecik boyutları nedeniyle selüloz liflerinde tutunumunu sağlamak için çeşitli kimyasalların kullanımı kaçınılmaz olmuştur. Son zamanlarda birçok farklı endüstri alanında giderek kullanımı artan, bitkisel selüloza kıyasla saflığı, elastikliği, ağsı yapısı gibi birçok üstün özellikleri olan bakteriyel selüloz (BS), bu çalışmada maya-bakteri kombucha kültüründen (SCOBY) fermantasyon ile üretilmiştir. Ağartılmış kimyasal hamurda BS'nin çöktürülmüş kalsiyum karbonat (PCC) için tutundurucu etkinliği, tek başına ve ilave tutundurucu madde olarak katyonik poliakrilamid (KPAM) ile beraber araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla bu çalışmada kullanılan BS %5, %10 ve %15 oranlarında, PCC %30 ve KPAM ise %0,02, süzüntü suyu testi için %0,04 oranlarında kullanılmıştır. Süzüntü suyunun absorbansı ve üretilen kağıdın inorganik madde miktarının belirlenmesi yöntemleri, tutunumun tespiti için, kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca kağıtların mekaniksel ve fiziksel özellikleri de tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek tutunma, katyonik poliakrilamid (KPAM)'in tutundurucu olarak tek kullanılması ile elde edilmiştir. BS'nin tek başına kalsiyum karbonat tutunumunda sınırlı etki gösterdiği ancak sağlamlık özelliklerini arttırdığı belirlenmiştir. Dolgu maddesi tutunumu ile oluşan direnç kayıplarının BS etkisi ile önlenebildiği, bunun için de %10 BS'nin yeterli olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. BS'nin ilavesi ile azalan hava ve su geçirgenliği, dolgu maddesi ilavesi ve dolgu maddesinin tutunumu ile azalmıştır.
In paper production, which is the most consumed material in the world, with the developing printing technology, the demands to improve the whiteness, printing quality and surface smoothness of the paper have increased rapidly and fillers have started to be used widely for this purpose. The positive properties of CaCO3 which is the most preferred, hve been further developed by various methods. The high quality papers with high whiteness, brightness and opacity were produced with the developed synthetic (precipitated) calcium carbonates (PCC): but the use of various chemicals were inevitable to ensure adhesion in cellulose fibers due to their small particle sizes. Bacterial cellulose (BS) which has been increasingly used in many different industrial areas and has many superior properties compared to plant cellulose such as purity, elasticity and reticulate structure was produced by fermentation from yeast-bacteria kombucha culture (SCOBY) in this study. The bonding activity of bacterial cellulose (BS) for preciritated carbonate (PCC) in bleached chemical pulp was investigated alone and with cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) as an additional retention agent. For this purpose, the BC used in this study was 5%, 10% and 15%, PCC 30% and CPAM 0.02% and 0.04% for the filtred water. The methods of determining the absorbance of the filtrated water and the amount of inorganic material in the produced paper were used to determine the retention. In addition the mechanical and physical properties of the papers were determined. The highest retention was achieved with a single use of cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) as retention agent. It has been determined that using BC has a limited effect on calcium carbonate retention with a single use but increases strenght properties. It has been concluded that resistance losses caused by filler retention can be prevented by BC effect and BC is sufficient for this. With the addition of BC, the air and water permeability decreased with the addition of filer and retention of it.
In paper production, which is the most consumed material in the world, with the developing printing technology, the demands to improve the whiteness, printing quality and surface smoothness of the paper have increased rapidly and fillers have started to be used widely for this purpose. The positive properties of CaCO3 which is the most preferred, hve been further developed by various methods. The high quality papers with high whiteness, brightness and opacity were produced with the developed synthetic (precipitated) calcium carbonates (PCC): but the use of various chemicals were inevitable to ensure adhesion in cellulose fibers due to their small particle sizes. Bacterial cellulose (BS) which has been increasingly used in many different industrial areas and has many superior properties compared to plant cellulose such as purity, elasticity and reticulate structure was produced by fermentation from yeast-bacteria kombucha culture (SCOBY) in this study. The bonding activity of bacterial cellulose (BS) for preciritated carbonate (PCC) in bleached chemical pulp was investigated alone and with cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) as an additional retention agent. For this purpose, the BC used in this study was 5%, 10% and 15%, PCC 30% and CPAM 0.02% and 0.04% for the filtred water. The methods of determining the absorbance of the filtrated water and the amount of inorganic material in the produced paper were used to determine the retention. In addition the mechanical and physical properties of the papers were determined. The highest retention was achieved with a single use of cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) as retention agent. It has been determined that using BC has a limited effect on calcium carbonate retention with a single use but increases strenght properties. It has been concluded that resistance losses caused by filler retention can be prevented by BC effect and BC is sufficient for this. With the addition of BC, the air and water permeability decreased with the addition of filer and retention of it.
Açıklama
Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ormancılık ve Orman Mühendisliği, Forestry and Forest Engineering
