Türkiye'deki Rosaceae familyasına mensup bazı cinslerin (Aria, Hedlundia, Sorbus ve Torminalis) morfolojik ve moleküler filogenetik yönden araştırılması
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Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Aria (Pers.) Host, Hedlundia Sennikov & Kurtto, Sorbus L. ve Torminalis Medik. cinsleri sistematik yönden Rosaceae familyasının Amygdaloideae alt familyasında yer alan, çok sayıda taksonu, hibritleri ve bahçe formları bulunan, cins içinde gözlenen hibritleşmeler ve poliploidi nedeniyle türlerin ayrımında taksonomik olarak sıkıntı yaşanan önemli bitki gruplarıdır. Türkiye'deki bu cinslere ait türlerinin taksonomisini revize etmek ve filogenisini oluşturmak için gerçekleştirilen bu tez çalışmasında Sorbus cinsi içinde yer aldığı bilinen 18 taksonun morfolojik ve moleküler karakterleri incelenmiştir. Taksonomik araştırmalar neticesinde, S. aucuparia dışındaki tüm taksonların sinonim oldukları belirlenmiştir. Uluslararası Bitki Adları veri bankalası (IPNI) ve Yaşam Kataloğu (Catalohue of Life=COL) verileri ile bu çalışmadaki analizler sonucunda elde edilen veriler ışığında: Türkiye'de Aria cinsinden 5 tür, Hedlundia cinsinden 7 tür, Sorbus cinsinden 1 tür ve Torminalis cinsinden 1 türün bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Türler arası ayrımı daha net ortaya koyabilmek için 4 farklı gen bölgesiyle (matK, ITS, RbcL, LEAFY2) çalışılmış, matK ve ITS gen dizilimleri ile hem tür içi hemde cinsler arası filogeni gözlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Filogenetik analizlerde kullanılan çekirdek gen bölgesinde (ITS), kloroplast gen bölgesine (matK) göre türler arasında daha fazla varyasyon gözlenmiştir. Filogenetik ve morfolojik çalışmalar neticesinde, S. subfusca türünün Aria cinsi içinde yer aldığı, S. caucasica var. yaltrikii taksonunun H. armeniaca'nın sinonimi olduğu, S. caucasica'nın Hedlundia cinsi içinde ancak, H. armeniaca'dan farklı yeni bir tür olarak değerlendirilmesi gerektiği belirlenmiştir. ITS gen bölgesiyle yapılan filogenetik analizlerde Türkiye'den örneklenen S. aucuparia örnekleri ve T. glaberrima örneklerinin kendi içinde farklı dallanmalar gösterdiği belirlense de yüksek oranda varyasyona rastlanmamıştır. S. turcica, S. taurica S. umbellata ve S. graeca türlerinin hem morfoloji hemde filogenetik olarak Aria cinsi altında yer aldığı desteklenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında değerlendirilen 14 türden 10 tanesi ilk defa bu çalışma ile moleküler analizlere konu edilmiş, farklı gen bölgesi dizileri oluşturulmuştur. Türkiye Aria, Hedlundia, Sorbus ve Torminalis cinsleri türleri için teşhis anahtarları oluşturulmuş, türlerin ayrıntılı tanımlamaları yapılarak Türkiye ve Dünya dağılımlarıyla ilgili bilgiler ile bu türlerin arazi fotoğrafları ve yerel isimleri verilmiştir.
Aria (Pers.) Host, Hedlundia Sennikov & Kurtto, Sorbus L. ve Torminalis Medik. genera are systematically located in the Amygdaloideae subfamily of the Rosaceae, have many taxa, hybrids and garden forms, and taxonomic difficulties are experienced in the differentiation of species due to hybridizations and polyploidy observed within the genus. In this thesis study, which was carried out to establish the taxonomy and phylogeny of the species belonging to these genera in Turkey, the morphological and molecular characters of 18 taxa that were previously included in the genus Sorbus were examined. As a result of taxonomic studies, it was observed that all taxa except S. aucuparia and S. subfusca are synonymous. In the light of the data obtained from the International Data Bank of Plant Names (IPNI) and Catalogue of Life=COL and the data obtained as a result of the analyzes in this study: 4 species of Aria, 7 species of Hedlundia, 2 species of Sorbus and 1 of Torminalis in Turkey has been identified. Due to the high similarity in the morphological characters of these species, it has been observed that it is very difficult to distinguish them from each other precisely. In order to reveal the distinction between species more clearly, 4 different gene regions (matK, ITS, RbcL, LEAFY2) were studied, and both intra-species and inter-genus phylogeny were tried to be observed with matK and ITS gene sequences. The nuclear gene region (ITS) used in phylogenetic analyzes gave better results than the chloroplast gene region and the barcoding region (matK). In phylogenetic and morphological studies, S. subfusca is included in the genus Aria, S. caucasica var. yaltrikii is a synonym of H. armeniaca and S. caucasica should be evaluated as a new species within the genus Hedlundia. Although it was determined that S. aucuparia and T. glaberrima samples showed different branching within themselves, sampled from Turkey in the phylogenetic analyzes performed with the ITS gene region, no high variation was found. It has been supported that S. turcica, S. taurica S. umbellata and S. graeca are both morphologically and phylogenetically included in the genus Aria. Ten of the 14 detected species were subjected to molecular analyzes for the first time in this study, and different gene region sequences were created. Identification keys were created for the genus Aria, Hedlundia, Sorbus and Torminalis in Turkey, detailed descriptions of the species were made, and information on their distribution in Turkey and the world, as well as field photographs, hazard categories and local names of these species were given.
Aria (Pers.) Host, Hedlundia Sennikov & Kurtto, Sorbus L. ve Torminalis Medik. genera are systematically located in the Amygdaloideae subfamily of the Rosaceae, have many taxa, hybrids and garden forms, and taxonomic difficulties are experienced in the differentiation of species due to hybridizations and polyploidy observed within the genus. In this thesis study, which was carried out to establish the taxonomy and phylogeny of the species belonging to these genera in Turkey, the morphological and molecular characters of 18 taxa that were previously included in the genus Sorbus were examined. As a result of taxonomic studies, it was observed that all taxa except S. aucuparia and S. subfusca are synonymous. In the light of the data obtained from the International Data Bank of Plant Names (IPNI) and Catalogue of Life=COL and the data obtained as a result of the analyzes in this study: 4 species of Aria, 7 species of Hedlundia, 2 species of Sorbus and 1 of Torminalis in Turkey has been identified. Due to the high similarity in the morphological characters of these species, it has been observed that it is very difficult to distinguish them from each other precisely. In order to reveal the distinction between species more clearly, 4 different gene regions (matK, ITS, RbcL, LEAFY2) were studied, and both intra-species and inter-genus phylogeny were tried to be observed with matK and ITS gene sequences. The nuclear gene region (ITS) used in phylogenetic analyzes gave better results than the chloroplast gene region and the barcoding region (matK). In phylogenetic and morphological studies, S. subfusca is included in the genus Aria, S. caucasica var. yaltrikii is a synonym of H. armeniaca and S. caucasica should be evaluated as a new species within the genus Hedlundia. Although it was determined that S. aucuparia and T. glaberrima samples showed different branching within themselves, sampled from Turkey in the phylogenetic analyzes performed with the ITS gene region, no high variation was found. It has been supported that S. turcica, S. taurica S. umbellata and S. graeca are both morphologically and phylogenetically included in the genus Aria. Ten of the 14 detected species were subjected to molecular analyzes for the first time in this study, and different gene region sequences were created. Identification keys were created for the genus Aria, Hedlundia, Sorbus and Torminalis in Turkey, detailed descriptions of the species were made, and information on their distribution in Turkey and the world, as well as field photographs, hazard categories and local names of these species were given.
Açıklama
Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Orman Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Biyoloji, Biology, Botanik
