Kestane (Castanea sativa Mill.) ormanlarında farklı silvikültürel müdahalelerin sürgün gelişimi ve karbon depolama kapasitesi üzerine etkileri
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2018
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TUBITAK
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Anadolu kestanesi çok yönlü kullanım olanakları (odun, meyve, bal, vb.) ile dünya ve ülkemiz ormancılığı açısından büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Ancak kestane türünün biyolojisine uygun olmayan müdahalelerle kestane ormanlarının vasfı bozulmuş, birçok yerde aşı vb. çalışmalarla niteliği değiştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bunun sonucunda kestane ormanları uzun yıllar bütün dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de biyotik ve abiyotik faktörlerin olumsuz baskısı altındadır. Normal kuruluşundan uzaklaşmış, yaşlı, hastalıklara maruz ve hiçbir müdahale yapılmayan ormanların sağlıklı hale gelmesi, baltalık olarak işletilerek ekonomiye kazandırılması, devamında koruya dönüştürme çalışmalarına hazırlanması gerekmektedir. Çalışmada, sürgün verme yeteneği yüksek olan Anadolu kestanesinin dip kütüklerine uygulanan farklı kesim yüksekliği (toprak seviyesinden, 10 cm yüksekten, 30 cm yüksekten), kesim şekli (meyilli ve V şeklinde), katran ardıcı uygulaması ve seyreltme müdahalelerinin sürgün verme kabiliyetine ve sürgün gelişimi üzerine etkisi ortaya konmuştur. Ayrıca biyokütle ve karbon depolama miktarı hem gövde, dal ve yaprak gibi sürgün bileşenlerine bağlı olarak hem de tüm sürgün için belirlenmiştir. Araştırmaya konu edilen alanlar doğal kestane ormanlarının yoğun olarak yayılış gösterdiği Trabzon, Sinop ve Bartın yörelerinden seçilmiştir. Kesim işlemi sonrasında üç yıl boyunca deneme alanlarında sürgünler üzerinde ölçümler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda kesim işlemi sonrasında meydana gelen sürgün sayıları ile kesim yüksekliği arasında pozitif korelasyon olduğu ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Sürgünlerin boy ve çap gelişimi bakımından en iyi sonuçların tüm deneme alanlarında toprak seviyesi ve toprağa yakın kesim işlemlerinde elde edildiği tespit edilmiştir. Trabzon-Araklı deneme alanında seyreltme müdahalesi sonrasındaki iki gelişme döneminde de en iyi sürgün gelişimi kuvvetli seyreltme müdahalesinde elde edilmiştir. Sinop-Erfelek ve Bartın-Amasra deneme alanlarında seyreltme müdahalesi sonrasındaki ilk yıl kuvvetli seyreltme müdahalesi, ikinci gelişme döneminde ise kontrol müdahalesi en iyi sürgün gelişimini yapmıştır.
The Anatolian chestnut is of great importance with its versatile usage possibilities (wood, fruit, honey, etc.) in terms of forestry of Turkey and the World. However, characteristic of chestnut forests has been degraded due to interventions that are not appropriate to the biology of chestnut species, and its qualification has been tried to change with grafting etc. in many places. As a result, chestnut forests have been under pressure because of biotic and abiotic factors in our country, like all over the world, for many years. It is required that forests, away from normal structure, older, exposure to disease and no intervention, should be become healthy, and gained to the economy by operating as coppice and prepare to conversion of coppice in the ongoing process. On sprout development, the effects of different cutting height (cutting from soil level, cutting from 10 cm higher than soil level, cutting from 30 cm higher than soil level), cutting shape (oblique cutting and cutting V-shaped), tar application and thinning for stumps of Anatolian chestnut, which has high ability of sprouting, were researched in this study. The amount of biomass and carbon storage was determined both for all shoots and shoot components such as stem, branch and leaf. The areas subject to the study were selected from Trabzon, Sinop and Bartın regions where the natural chestnut forests are distributed extensively. Measurements were made on sprouts in sample plots during three years after cutting. As a result of the study, it was determined that there was a positive correlation between the cutting height and the number of sprouts occurred after the cutting, and were statistically significant differences. It was determined that the best results in terms of height and diameter development of the sprouts were obtained in cutting treatments being the soil level and close to soil in all sample plots. In Trabzon-Araklı sample plot, the best sprout development took place in strong thinning treatment for two vegetation periods after the thinning. While the best sprout development was obtained in strong thinning treatment in first vegetation period, this was achieved in Control (no thinning) in second vegetation period in both Sinop-Erfelek and Bartın-Amasra sample plots.
The Anatolian chestnut is of great importance with its versatile usage possibilities (wood, fruit, honey, etc.) in terms of forestry of Turkey and the World. However, characteristic of chestnut forests has been degraded due to interventions that are not appropriate to the biology of chestnut species, and its qualification has been tried to change with grafting etc. in many places. As a result, chestnut forests have been under pressure because of biotic and abiotic factors in our country, like all over the world, for many years. It is required that forests, away from normal structure, older, exposure to disease and no intervention, should be become healthy, and gained to the economy by operating as coppice and prepare to conversion of coppice in the ongoing process. On sprout development, the effects of different cutting height (cutting from soil level, cutting from 10 cm higher than soil level, cutting from 30 cm higher than soil level), cutting shape (oblique cutting and cutting V-shaped), tar application and thinning for stumps of Anatolian chestnut, which has high ability of sprouting, were researched in this study. The amount of biomass and carbon storage was determined both for all shoots and shoot components such as stem, branch and leaf. The areas subject to the study were selected from Trabzon, Sinop and Bartın regions where the natural chestnut forests are distributed extensively. Measurements were made on sprouts in sample plots during three years after cutting. As a result of the study, it was determined that there was a positive correlation between the cutting height and the number of sprouts occurred after the cutting, and were statistically significant differences. It was determined that the best results in terms of height and diameter development of the sprouts were obtained in cutting treatments being the soil level and close to soil in all sample plots. In Trabzon-Araklı sample plot, the best sprout development took place in strong thinning treatment for two vegetation periods after the thinning. While the best sprout development was obtained in strong thinning treatment in first vegetation period, this was achieved in Control (no thinning) in second vegetation period in both Sinop-Erfelek and Bartın-Amasra sample plots.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kesim yöntemleri, Seyreltme, Baltalık, Gençleştirme, Sürgün, Karbon, Harvest method, Thinning, Coppice, Regeneration, Shoot, Carbon
Kaynak
TOVAG
