93 Harbi’nden sonra Livane muhacirlerinin yaşadığı sıkıntılar
[ X ]
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Tarihe 93 Harbi olarak da geçen ve Osmanlı Devleti ile Rusya arasında gerçekleşen 1877-78 Osmanlı-Rus Savaşı’ndan sonra imzalanan Berlin Antlaşması ile Osmanlı Devleti Kars, Ardahan ve Batum’u Rusya’ya terk etmiştir. Lazistan sancağı olarak da anılan Batum sancağının kazası olan Livane kazası da böylece Rus hâkimiyetine geçmiştir. Rusya’ya terk edilen bu bölge halkı savaş sırasında işgale karşı koydukları gibi, savaş bittikten sonra da bulundukları bölgeyi terk etmek istememiştir. Ancak Osmanlı Devleti bu bölgeleri boşaltmaya karar verdiği için göç etmek zorunda kalmışlardır. Rusya ile yapılan anlaşmaya göre üç yıllık sürede birçok insan Anadolu’nun diğer topraklarına yerleşmişlerdir. Göçler İstanbul, Samsun, Çorum, Tokat, Yozgat, Adapazarı, İzmit ve özellikle Bursa gibi şehirlere yapılmıştır. Göç etmek isteyen halk emlak satışları sırasında Rus ve Ermeni memurlarının engeliyle karşılaşmış, çoğu düşük fiyatlarla mülklerini satmak zorunda kalmıştır. Osmanlı Devleti’ne göç edip, Livane kazasında mülkü kalan halk ise mülklerinin hukukundan endişe edip bu konuda devletten yardım istemişlerdir. Halkın göç etmesini de Rusya Devleti engellemeye çalışmıştır. Müslüman ahali göçleri mahalli hükümet tarafından engellenmeye çalışılınca Osmanlı Devleti’nden yardım istemişlerdir. Halkın çoğu ise yol masraflarını bile ödeyemeyecek durumda yollara düştüğü gibi göçleri esnasında salgın hastalıklarla karşılaşmıştır. Anadolu’ya geldikleri zaman da yerleştirme problemleriyle karşılaşan halk sefalet içinde kalmıştır. Bütün bu olumsuzluklara rağmen Osmanlı Devleti muhacirlerin iskânı için gerekli çalışmaları yapmış, Livane muhacirlerinden göç sırasında salgın hastalığa yakalananların tedavisinde ve bu insanların Anadolu’ya nakilleri sırasında iaşelerinin temin edilmesinde hizmeti görülen kişileri taltiflendirmiştir. Söz konusu çalışmada Livane kazası halkının göçler sırasında ve sonrasında yaşadıkları sıkıntılar ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
With the Berlin Treaty signed after the Ottoman-Russian War between the Ottoman Empire and Russia in 1877-78, the Ottoman State left Kars, Ardahan and Batumi to Russia. The Livane District, which is the accident of the Batumi Sandjak, also known as the Sanjak of Lazistan, has thus passed under Russian rule. The people of this region abandoned to Russia did not want to leave the region they were in after the war, as they resisted the occupation during the war. However, since the Ottoman Empire decided to evacuate these regions, they had to migrate. According to the agreement made with Russia, many people settled in other lands of Anatolia in a period of three years. Migrations were made to cities such as Istanbul, Samsun, Çorum, Tokat, Yozgat, Adapazarı, Izmit and especially Bursa. In this study, it was tried to reveal the problems experienced by the people of Livane District during and after the migrations. People who wanted to migrate faced the obstacles of Russian and Armenian officials during real estate sales, and most of them had to sell their properties at low prices. The people who immigrated to the Ottoman State and remained in the Livane District, worried about the law of their properties and asked for help from the state. The Russian State tried to prevent the immigration of the people. When the immigration of the Muslim people was tried to be prevented by the local government, they asked for help from the Ottoman Empire. Most of the people, on the other hand, faced epidemic diseases during their migration as they were unable to pay even for the road and water costs. When they came to Anatolia, the people faced with settlement problems remained in misery. Despite all these negativities, the Ottoman Empire carried out the necessary work for the settlement of the refugees, and rewarded the people who were served in the treatment of those who were infected with epidemic diseases during the migration of the Livane immigrants and the provision of food during the transportation of these people to Anatolia. In this study, the problems experienced by the people of Livane during and after the migrations were tried to be revealed.
With the Berlin Treaty signed after the Ottoman-Russian War between the Ottoman Empire and Russia in 1877-78, the Ottoman State left Kars, Ardahan and Batumi to Russia. The Livane District, which is the accident of the Batumi Sandjak, also known as the Sanjak of Lazistan, has thus passed under Russian rule. The people of this region abandoned to Russia did not want to leave the region they were in after the war, as they resisted the occupation during the war. However, since the Ottoman Empire decided to evacuate these regions, they had to migrate. According to the agreement made with Russia, many people settled in other lands of Anatolia in a period of three years. Migrations were made to cities such as Istanbul, Samsun, Çorum, Tokat, Yozgat, Adapazarı, Izmit and especially Bursa. In this study, it was tried to reveal the problems experienced by the people of Livane District during and after the migrations. People who wanted to migrate faced the obstacles of Russian and Armenian officials during real estate sales, and most of them had to sell their properties at low prices. The people who immigrated to the Ottoman State and remained in the Livane District, worried about the law of their properties and asked for help from the state. The Russian State tried to prevent the immigration of the people. When the immigration of the Muslim people was tried to be prevented by the local government, they asked for help from the Ottoman Empire. Most of the people, on the other hand, faced epidemic diseases during their migration as they were unable to pay even for the road and water costs. When they came to Anatolia, the people faced with settlement problems remained in misery. Despite all these negativities, the Ottoman Empire carried out the necessary work for the settlement of the refugees, and rewarded the people who were served in the treatment of those who were infected with epidemic diseases during the migration of the Livane immigrants and the provision of food during the transportation of these people to Anatolia. In this study, the problems experienced by the people of Livane during and after the migrations were tried to be revealed.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Osmanlı Devleti, 93 Harbi, Muhacir, Göç, İskân, Ottoman State, The War of 93, Immigration, Settlement
Kaynak
Karen- Karadeniz Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
8
Sayı
14
Künye
Yücetürk, Zemzem, “93 Harbi’nden Sonra Livane Muhacirlerinin Yaşadığı Sıkıntılar”, Karadeniz Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8/14, ss.133-149.
