Flow cytometry and gene expression modulation by euphorbia rigida Methanol extract in A549 lung cancer cells: Induction of apoptosis through bax, caspase-9, and bcl-2 pathways

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dc.contributor.authorSarı, Zeynep Betül
dc.contributor.authorSarı, Muhammet Emin
dc.contributor.authorAytar, Erdi Can
dc.contributor.authorGümrükçüoğlu, Abidin
dc.contributor.authorİncilay Torunoğlu, Emine
dc.contributor.authorÖzdemir Sancı, Tuba
dc.contributor.authorDemirel, Gamze
dc.contributor.authorDurmaz, Alper
dc.date.accessioned2025-06-17T05:31:17Z
dc.date.available2025-06-17T05:31:17Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentAÇÜ
dc.description.abstractNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a major cause of cancer-related mortality. This study investigates the cytotoxic effects of Euphorbia rigida extract on A549 NSCLC cells and its potential as a therapeutic agent. Cellular morphology was observed microscopically, and cell viability was evaluated using dose-dependent proliferation assays. Apoptosis-related gene expression—including Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-9—was analyzed via quantitative PCR (qPCR). Chromatographic methods identified bioactive flavonoids, and molecular docking assessed their binding to cancer-related proteins. Additionally, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profiles were evaluated. The extract induced apoptotic morphological changes such as cell shrinkage and loss of intercellular contact. A dose-dependent reduction in A549 viability was observed, with an IC50 of 0.5 mg mL−1. Gene expression indicated activation of the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, with increased Bax and Caspase-9 and decreased Bcl-2 expression. Flow cytometry using Annexin V-allophycocyanin (V-APC) staining revealed selective cytotoxicity: significant apoptosis in A549 cells while preserving viability in BEAS-2B normal lung epithelial cells. Identified flavonoids included quercetin, apigenin, and myricetin, which showed strong binding affinities in docking studies. ADMET profiling supported their drug-likeness. These findings highlight E. rigida potential in NSCLC treatment via apoptosis induction and selective cytotoxicity.
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/adbi.202500136
dc.identifier.issn27010198
dc.identifier.pmid40432491
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105006688448
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11494/5525
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001497264300001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.institutionauthorGümrükçüoğlu, Abidin
dc.institutionauthorDurmaz, Alper
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherJohn Wiley and Sons Inc
dc.relation.ispartofAdvanced Biology
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess
dc.subjectA549 cells
dc.subjectBax
dc.subjectBcl-2
dc.subjectBEAS-2B
dc.subjectCaspase-9
dc.subjectCytotoxicity
dc.subjectEuphorbia rigida
dc.subjectMolecular docking
dc.titleFlow cytometry and gene expression modulation by euphorbia rigida Methanol extract in A549 lung cancer cells: Induction of apoptosis through bax, caspase-9, and bcl-2 pathways
dc.typeArticle

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